Fig 4.

Effects of in ovo feeding of GABA and embryonic thermal manipulation on relative mRNA expression of hepatic HSP70 (A), and HSP90 (B) in broiler chickens exposed to cyclic HS. The treatments are described as follows: CON, chicks hatched from control eggs without in ovo injection and incubated at standard temperature; CON+HS, chicks hatched from control eggs without in ovo injection, incubated at standard temperature but exposed to HS; G10+HS, chicks hatched from eggs injected at 17.5 days of incubation with 0.6mL of 10% GABA dissolved in distilled water and exposed to HS; TM+HS, chicks hatched from thermally manipulated eggs exposed to 39.6°C for 6 h daily from ED 10 to 18 and exposed to HS; G10+TM+HS, chicks hatched from eggs that received both previous treatments during incubation and exposed to HS. Data show mean ± SEM (n = 5). Results of the contrast analysis are indicated in the graph. Abbreviations: HSP70, heat-shock protein 70; HSP90, heat shock protein 90.