TABLE 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical features of all participants and according to the cardiovascular disease (CVD) relative risk, for categorical variables
| Variable | All participants | Relative risk CVD | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High risk | Others | |||
| N (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Participants | 301 (100) | 61 (20.3) | 240 (79.7) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 169 (56.1) | 27 (44.3) | 142 (59.2) | .051 |
| Female | 132 (43.9) | 34 (55.7) | 98 (40.8) | |
| Age groups, years | ||||
| ≤25 | 79 (26.2) | 7 (11.5) | 72 (30.0) | <.001 |
| 25–40 | 141 (46.8) | 25 (40.9) | 116 (48.3) | |
| ≥40 | 81 (26.9) | 29 (47.5) | 52 (21.7) | |
| Education groups, years | ||||
| ≤12 | 264 (87.7) | 56 (91.8) | 208 (86.7) | .383 |
| >12 | 37 (12.3) | 5 (8.2) | 32 (13.3) | |
| Schedule | ||||
| Morning | 153 (50.8) | 32 (52.5) | 121 (50.4) | .179 |
| Evening | 120 (39.9) | 20 (32.8) | 100 (41.7) | |
| Night | 28 (9.3) | 9 (14.8) | 19 (7.9) | |
| SDur workdays, hr | ||||
| >6 | 181 (60.1) | 27 (44.3) | 154 (64.2) | .007 |
| ≤6 | 120 (39.9) | 34 (55.7) | 86 (35.8) | |
| Sleep quality | ||||
| ≥Good | 205 (68.1) | 39 (63.9) | 166 (69.2) | .529 |
| ≤Poor | 96 (31.9) | 22 (36.1) | 74 (30.8) | |
| Social jet lag | ||||
| ≤2 | 179 (59.4) | 31 (50.8) | 148 (61.7) | .065 |
| 2−4 | 98 (32.6) | 21 (34.4) | 77 (32.1) | |
| ≥4 | 24 (8.0) | 9 (14.8) | 15 (6.2) | |
| Physical exercise, min/week | ||||
| ≥150 | 56 (20.4) | 3 (9.8) | 53 (31.7) | .002 |
| <150 | 219 (79.6) | 55 (90.2) | 164 (68.3) | |
| Alcohol, drink/day | ||||
| ≤1 | 272 (90.4) | 54 (88.5) | 218 (90.8) | .762 |
| >1 | 29 (9.6) | 7 (11.5) | 22 (9.2) | |
| Caffeine, drinks/day | ||||
| ≤3 | 212 (70.4) | 30 (49.1) | 182 (75.8) | <.001 |
| >3 | 89 (29.6) | 31 (50.8 | 58 (24.2) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| <25 | 187 (62.1) | 39 (63.9) | 148 (61.7) | .859 |
| ≥25 | 114 (37.9) | 22 (36.1) | 92 (38.3) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| No | 149 (49.5) | 1 (1.6) | 148 (61.7) | <.001 |
| Yes | 152 (50.5) | 60 (98.4) | 92 (38.3) | |
| Hypertension, blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
| <140 and 90 | 269 (89.4) | 221 (92.1) | 48 (78.7) | .005 |
| ≥140 or 90 | 32 (10.6) | 19 (7.9) | 13 (21.3) | |
| Hypercholesteraemia, total cholesterol, mg/dl | ||||
| <190 | 154 (51.2) | 8 (13.1) | 146 (60.8) | <.001 |
| ≥190 | 147 (48.8) | 53 (86.9) | 94 (39.2) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; SDur, sleep duration.
Relative frequencies in CVD risk categories refer to the prevalence within “high‐risk CVD” and “others” groups. Data is presented as absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies. p value for Chi‐square test (with continuity correction when 2 × 2). Statistically significant associations are presented in bold (p < .05). High‐risk CVD: Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) ≥3; others: SCORE ≤2.