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Without treatment, elimination of a tumor under a strong CTL response occurs whenever immunosuppression, tumor angiogenesis and immune cell polarization are low. The M1-to-M2 ratio and the Th1-to-Th2 ratio both increase, leading to an increased production of the anti-tumor cytokines IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ by M1 macrophages and Th1 helper cells.
