TABLE 1.
Data extraction items related to cultural adaptation process and strategies
| Data item heading | Description of item and definitions, where relevant |
|---|---|
| Stage(s) of cultural adaptation (design) | Which stages of adaptation are presented, according to the Stages of Cultural Adaptation process model? 35 The stages include Stage 1: Information gathering; Stage 2: Preliminary adaptation design; Stage 3: Preliminary adaptation tests; Stage 4 Adaptation refinement; Stage 5: Cultural adaptation trial. |
| Cultural adaptation theory or framework (design) | Were there references to any cultural adaptation theories or frameworks? If yes, which one(s)? |
| Description of process for adaptation (how) | What process was undertaken to make cultural adaptations to the intervention? Was this described? |
| Description of cultural adaptations made/cultural adaptation strategies (what) | What cultural adaptations were made to the intervention content and/or contextual factors (such as delivery setting and mode)? What (If any) other changes were made to the original intervention? |
| Surface or deep structure cultural adaptations (what) | Were the cultural adaptations made at the surface or deep structure level according to Resnicow and colleagues' cultural sensitivity dimensions? 36 , 37 Surface structure adaptations include modifications to the observable characteristics of a target population, such as people, language, music, and foods. Deep structure adaptations involve incorporating relevant cultural, social, historical, and environmental factors that influence health behaviors. |
| Who made the adaptations (who) | Who determined that the adaptations should be made? Who led and who undertook the cultural adaptations? |
| Involvement of the target group (who) | To what extent were members from the target population group involved in making and/or informing the cultural adaptation process and strategies? What was the approach to involvement? |
| When adaptations were made (when) | When in the cultural adaptation process were the adaptations made? Were there multiple time points? |
| The rationale for adaptation (why) | What were the reasons provided for undertaking the cultural adaptation? What were the influences on the decision? |
Note: Informed by the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications‐Enhanced (FRAME). 22