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Food web motifs (McLaughlin, 2018; Milo et al., 2002). (a) The 13 types of three‐node motifs possible (McLaughlin, 2018; Milo et al., 2002). S1–S5 lack mutual consumption, D1–D8 have mutual consumption (double motifs). (b) Example of a double motif (D1) involving a parasitic interaction and intraguild predation. Parasite 1 is a parasite of Host 1 and Host 2. Host 2 is also a predator of Host 1, and Parasite 1 is killed via concomitant predation when Host 1 is consumed
