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Typical gut microbiota metabolites in modulation of host metabolism. The major ways of this modulation include regulation of nutrition metabolism (lipids, proteins, glucose), non-shivering thermogenesis (browning of WAT and BAT), satiety (by secretion of hormone GLP-1 and PYY), motility function of organs (muscle and heart), insulin synthesis and secretion, and insulin sensitivity. By these ways, gut microbiota metabolites can maintain the homeostasis of energy.
