TABLE 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Region | Study setting | People | Sex |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feng SW 2010 (S. Feng et al., 2012) | Eastern | Rural/urban hospital | Rural/urban women outpatients | Female |
| Hong Y, 2013 (Hong et al., 2013) | Eastern | Community | Female sex workers | Female |
| Zhao FH, 2012 (F. H. Zhao et al., 2012) | Mixed | Urban/rural hospital | General population, government officials and healthcare providers | Mixed |
| Zhou YQ 2016 (Y. Q. Zhou, Yang, & Wu, 2016b) | Eastern | Urban hospital | Healthcare providers | Female |
| Ma D 2012 (X. J. Ma, Meng, et al., 2013b) | Eastern | Urban hospital | Healthcare providers | Mixed |
| Wang HQ 2011 | Eastern | Urban hospital | Healthcare providers | NA |
| Gao J 2017 (Gao, Zhen, & Liu, 2017a) | Central | Urban community | Healthcare providers | NA |
| Li J 2011(J. Li, 2011) | Eastern | Rural/urban hospital | Healthcare providers and government officials | Mixed |
| Fu CJ, 2014(Fu et al., 2014) | Western | Medical university | Medical students | Mixed |
| Ma D 2013 (D. Ma, Wei, et al., 2013a) | Eastern | College | Medical students | Mixed |
| Gu C, 2015 (Gu et al., 2015) | Central | Medical university | Medical students | Female |
| Pan XF, 2014 (Pan et al., 2014) | Western | Medical university | Medical students | Mixed |
| Zou H, 2016 (Zou, Meng, et al., 2016a) | Eastern | Sexual health clinic | Men | Male |
| Zhang YY 2016 (Y. Y. Zhang, 2016) | Eastern | School | Parents of children | Female |
| Zhang SK, 2015 (S. K. Zhang et al., 2015) | Mixed | Middle school, junior | Parents of teenagers | Mixed |
| Hu HS 2014 (Hu, Ren, et al., 2014a) | Eastern | Middle school | Parents of teenagers | Mixed |
| Zhang H 2014 (H. Zhang, Yu, et al., 2014a) | Central | School | Parents of teenagers | Mixed |
| Wang W, 2015 (W. Wang, Ma, et al., 2015b) | Eastern | Middle school, junior | Parents of teenagers | Mixed |
| Yu Y, 2016 (Y. Yu et al., 2016) | Eastern | High school, primary, junior, senior | Parents of teenagers | Female |
| Yan J 2013 (J. Yan et al., 2013) | Western | Rural community | Rural adult women | Female |
| Ye JR 2011 (Ye, 2011) | Eastern | Rural community | Rural adult women | Female |
| Zhang XX 2014 (X. X. Zhang, Zhao, et al., 2014c) | Eastern | Rural hospital | Rural adult women | Female |
| Cheng Y 2017 (Cheng et al., 2017) | Central | Rural community | Rural adult women | Female |
| Song D 2007 (Song, 2007) | Central | Rural community | Rural adult women | Female |
| Li J, 2015 (J. Li et al., 2015) | Central | Villages | Rural adult women | Female |
| Yu J 2013 (J. Yu et al., 2013) | Western | Rural/urban community | Rural adult women, government officials and healthcare providers | Mixed |
| Wang XM 2012 (X. M. Wang et al., 2012) | Central | Rural community/urban hospital | Rural women residents/urban women outpatients | Female |
| Cui B 2010 (Cui, 2010) | Eastern | Rural community/urban hospital | Rural women/urban women patients | Female |
| Xue L, 2018 (L. Xue et al., 2018) | Eastern | Middle school, junior | Teenagers | Mixed |
| Wang SM, 2014 (S. M. Wang, Zhang, et al., 2014a) | Mixed | University | Undergraduate students | Mixed |
| Zeng XM 2015 (Zeng et al., 2015) | Eastern | College | Undergraduate students | Mixed |
| He X 2010 (X. He et al., 2010) | Central | College | Undergraduate students | Mixed |
| Zhu YR 2017 (Y. R. Zhu et al., 2017) | Central | College | Undergraduate students | Mixed |
| Zhou Y 2012 (Y. Zhou et al., 2012) | Central | College | Undergraduate students | Mixed |
| Gong FQ 2014 (Gong, 2014) | Eastern | College | Undergraduate students | Mixed |
| Xu J 2014 (Xu & Li, 2014) | Western | College | Undergraduate students | Mixed |
| Yang J 2016 (J. Yang et al., 2016) | Western | College | Undergraduate students | Female |
| Zou H, 2016 (Zou, Wang, et al., 2016b) | Eastern | University | Undergraduate students | Mixed |
| Huang H 2013 (H. Huang et al., 2013) | Western | College | Undergraduate students | Mixed |
| Liu RJ 2017 (R. J. Liu et al., 2017) | Eastern | College | Undergraduate students | Mixed |
| Li M 2013 (M. Li et al., 2013) | Eastern | NA | Undergraduate students and parents of teenagers | Mixed |
| Liu Q 2015 (Q. Liu et al., 2015) | Central | College | Undergraduate students and parents of teenagers | Mixed |
| Lu J 2016 (Lu et al., 2016) | Eastern | College/urban community/hospital | Undergraduate students/government/HCPs | Mixed |
| Tian T 2017 (Tian, 2017) | Western | NA | Urban adult men | Male |
| Zhu JH 2016 (J. H. Zhu et al., 2016) | Eastern | Urban CDC | Urban adult men | Male |
| Huang YH 2014 (Y. H. Huang et al., 2014) | Eastern | Urban community | Urban adult men and women | Mixed |
| Li J 2008 (J. Li et al., 2009) | Eastern | Urban community | Urban adult women | Female |
| Zhang SK 2014 (S. K. Zhang, Huang, et al., 2014b) | Mixed | NA | Urban adult women | Female |
| Lei JH 2015 (Lei & Zhong, 2015) | Eastern | Urban hospital | Urban adult women | Female |
| Meng LP 2015 (Meng et al., 2015) | Eastern | Urban community | Urban adult women | Female |
| Yang GQ 2013 (G. Q. Yang et al., 2013) | Eastern | Urban hospital | Urban adult women | Female |
| Zhou YQ 2016 (Y. Q. Zhou, Yang, & Wu, 2016b) | Eastern | Urban community | Urban adult women | Female |
| Ran LM 2014 (Ran et al., 2014) | Western | Urban hospital | Urban adult women | Female |
| Liu XW 2016 (X. W. Liu et al., 2016) | Eastern | Urban hospital | Urban adult women | Female |
| Ma XJ 2013 (X. J. Ma, Meng, et al., 2013b) | Eastern | Urban hospital | Urban adult women | Female |
| Zhao DJ 2010 (D. J. Zhao et al., 2010) | Eastern | Urban community | Urban adult women | Female |
| Shao SJ 2013 (Shao et al., 2013) | Eastern | Urban hospital | Urban adult women | Female |
| Hu SY, 2011 (S. Y. Hu et al., 2011) | Eastern | Rural (Binhai), suburban (Jintan) and urban (Xuzhou) | Urban and rural women | Female |
| Li J, 2009 (J. Li et al., 2009) | Mixed | Urban community cluster and rural areas | Urban and rural women | Female |
| Feng S, 2012 (S. Feng et al., 2012) | Eastern | Urban/rural hospital | Urban and rural women | Female |
| Wu Y 2011 (Wu, 2011) | Eastern | NA | Urban women adults | Female |
| Chang IJ, 2013 (Chang et al., 2013) | Mixed | Companies and universities | Urban women and undergraduate students | Female |
| He M 2011 (M. He et al., 2011) | Mixed | Urban hospital | Urban women outpatients/urban hps | Female |
| Xiao W 2010 (Xiao & Bian, 2009) | Eastern | Urban hospital | Urban women patients | Female |
| Huang GF 2011 (G. F. Huang, 2011) | Eastern | Urban hospital | Urban women patients | Female |
| Xie WL 2015 (Xie et al., 2015) | Central | Urban hospital | Urban women patients | Female |
| Fan BJ 2009 (Fan, 2009) | Eastern | Urban hospital | Urban women patients | Female |
| Su Q 2016 (Su et al., 2016) | Western | Urban hospital | Urban women patients | Female |
| Wang X 2014 (X. Wang, Lei, et al., 2014b) | Western | Urban hospital | Urban women patients | Female |
| Zhu QY 2015 (Q. Y. Zhu et al., 2015) | Eastern | Urban hospital | Urban women patients | Female |
| Fatima 2014 (Fatima, 2014) | Western | Rural community | Uyghur rural adult women | Female |
| Ren CL 2011 (C. L. Ren et al., 2011) | Western | NA | Uyghur/Hui/Han women adults | Female |
| Wang L 2015 (L. Wang, Ouyang, & Wang, 2015a) | Central | Urban hospital | Medical students | Female |