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. 2022 Mar 31;52(6):e13769. doi: 10.1111/eci.13769

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© 2022 The Authors. European Journal of Clinical Investigation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte adhesion to by HMVECs. (A) Quantitative analysis of ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1 and E‐selectin expression on HMVECs incubated with either activated or nonactivated T cells for varying periods of time (n > 3). (B) Quantitative flow cytometric analysis of adhesion molecule expression on HMVECs incubated with MV.Act for varying time periods. Data on HMVECs incubated with activated T cells are shown as a positive control. (C) Left panel: Representative microphotographs of PBMC adhesion to HMVECs preincubated with either activated T cells or MV.Act, or pretreated with rhTNF‐α using a BioFlux system. Right panel: Quantitative analysis of PBMC adhesion (graphs were analysed with one‐way ANOVA, *p < .05)