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. 2022 Mar 3;40(7):1042–1055. doi: 10.1038/s41587-022-01219-z

Fig. 3. Testing of SC-islet respiration, alternative fuel responses and metabolic amplifying pathway.

Fig. 3

a, Change in OCR in response to 16.8 mM glucose (G17), oligomycin (Olig.) (2 µM), FCCP (2 µM) and rotenone (Rot.) (1 µM) in S7w3 SC-islets (n = 15) and adult islets (n = 5); two-tailed Student’s unpaired t-test. b, OCR normalized to DNA content of the SC-islets in a; two-tailed Student’s unpaired t-test. ns, nonsignificant. c, Insulin secretion responses to perifusion with 2.8 mM glucose (G3), 10 mM pyruvate, 50 ng ml–1 exendin-4 (Ex4) and 30 mM KCl. Normalized to average secretion during, the first 16 min of the test. n = 3–4; one-way ANOVA of the mean response during specific steps of the test. d, the same test as in a, with pyruvate 10 mM replacing G17; two-tailed Student’s unpaired t-test, n = 4–12. e, Same test as c, with 10 mM glutamine (Gln.) and 5 mM leucine (Leu.) replacing pyruvate (n = 3–4). f, Same test as d, with 10 mM glutamine (Gln.) and 5 mM leucine (Leu.) replacing pyruvate; two-tailed Student’s unpaired t-test (n = 4–11). g, Insulin secretion responses to change from G3 to G17 under the influence of 500 µmol l–1 tolbutamide (Tolb) in perifusion. Normalized to secretion during the first 12 min of the test, n = 4–7; two-way ANOVA. Significance versus human islets, and when indicated, between timepoints in test. All data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.