Table 3.

Electrode materials, configurations and performance of MFCs.

Anode	Cathode	Design	Volume	Power Densities	Reference
Carbon brush	Carbon cloth N-G@CoNi/BCNT	DC-MFC	270 mL	2.000 W m−2	[177]
Nano-Fe3C@PGC	Pt/C on carbon cloth	SC-MFC	28 mL	1.856 W m−2	[176]
Carbon felt	Carbon felt-Ni/NiOx nanoparticle	SC-MFC	100 mL	1.630 W m−2	[169]
Carbon cloth	Carbon cloth Ni-Co/MGO	SC-MFC	-	1.003 W m−2	[173]
Carbon cloth	Carbon cloth Ni-Co/GO	SC-MFC	-	0.889 W m−2	[173]
SSLbL CNT	-	DC-MFC	μL	0.830 W m−2	[140]
Carbon cloth	GO-supported-Zn/Co	SC-MFC	28 mL	0.773 W m−2	[156]
Randomly aligned CNT	-	DC-MFC	μL	0.540 W m−2	[140]
Vertically aligned CNT	-	DC-MFC	μL	0.270 W m−2	[140]
Carbon paper	NPOMC-Carbon cloth	DC-MFC	cc 10 mL	0.245 W m−2	[178]
Carbon felt/PANI	Carbon felt	DC-MFC	250 mL	0.216 W m−2	[175]
2-Sugar-urea to do 3D Carbon foam	Carbon fiber	BMFC	1000 mL	0.190 W m−2	[138]
Ti-G/PANI	Ti-G/PANI	DC-MFC	1400 mL	0.124 W m−2	[179]
Carbon paper-Co	Pt-loaded carbon cloth	SC-MFC	80 mL	0.165 W m−2	[163]
Carbon paper-Fe	Pt-loaded carbon cloth	SC-MFC	80 mL	0.117 W m−2	[163]
Carbon cloth	MCC	SC-MFC	520 mL	0.113 W m−2	[180]
Carbon felt	Carbon Black/CuZn	DC-MFC	cc150 mL	0.075 W m−2	[181]
Carbon felt	Carbon Black/CuZn	DC-MFC	25,000 mL	0.00032 W m−2	[181]
Carbon cloth	Perovskite oxide catalysts in Carbon cloth	DC-MFC	450 mL	0.00139 W m−2	[182]
-	Fe-AAPyr catalyst in RRDE	SC-MFC	125 mL	262μW cm−2	[183]
Graphite fiber brush	Fe-BZIM-AB RRDE	SC-MFC	28 mL	162μW cm−2	[184]
Graphite fiber brush	Fe-ABZIM RRDE	SC-MFC	28 mL	159μW cm−2	[184]
Graphite fiber brush	Activated carbon	SC-MFC	28 mL	100μW cm−2	[184]
3D N-doped-GA	Carbon cloth	DC-MFC	25 mL	750.0 W m−3	[11]
Fe/N/S-doped CT	Fe/N/S-doped CT	SC-MFC	28 mL	479.0 W m−3	[185]
Multilayer Carbon flet/N-doped-CNT/PANI/MnO2	5-graphite rod	DC-MFC	–	13.8 W m−3	[186]
SSLbL CNT		DC-MFC	12.5 μL	3,320.0 W m−3	[140]
8-TNs-modified	1-TNs-modified	DC-MFC	ac800 mL cc100 mL	12.7 A m−2	[170]
Carbon veil	Conductive latex	SC-MFC	15 mL	0.092 W ${}^{-mL}$	[187]

PANI=polyaniline; CNT=carbon nanotubes; MCC=modified clay cup; TNs=titanium dioxide nanotubes; cc=cathodic chamber; ac=anodic chamber; MGO=silanefunctionalised graphene oxide; GO=graphene oxide; CT=carbon tubes; BMFC=benthic MFC; RRDE=rotating ring disk electrode; Fe-AAPyr=Fe-Aminoantipyrine; Nano-Fe₃C@PGC=iron carbide nanoparticles dispersed in porous graphitized carbon; GA=graphaerogel; Fe-ABZIM=Iron nitrate with aminobenzimidazole; Fe-BZIM=Iron nitrate with benzimidazole; NPOMC=Nitrogen-phosphorus-doped mesoporous carbon; AB=airbreathing; G/PANI=graphene/polyaniline SSLbL=spin-spray layer by layer; BCNT=bamboo-like carbon nanotube