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. 2022 May 10;122(8):1863–1874. doi: 10.1007/s00421-022-04957-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Enrollment and analysis flowchart. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index; CDV cardiovascular disease; ECG electrocardiogram; PAR physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization group; HIIT high-intensity interval training group; HIIT + EMS—HIIT plus whole-body electromyostimulation group