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. 2021 Nov 20;67(8):3831–3841. doi: 10.1007/s10620-021-07299-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Baseline duodenal microbial differences between patients who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as compared to those that never did. a Principal coordinate analysis plot of microbial composition colored by HCC development. b Alpha diversity by Shannon Index of the microbial community between patients that developed HCC as compared to those that did not. Taxonomic plots by c phyla and genus d between patients who did develop HCC as compared to those that did not. Only taxa that had a relative abundance of ≥ 1% are shown