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. 2022 Jul 15;5:709. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03667-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a–c Early repeated ketamine anesthesia does not affect place preference for low-dose ketamine in adult mice (ketamine CPP). a Experimental scheme of ketamine CPP performed in adult male mice. b Place preference to low-dose ketamine does not occur in both Control (p = 0.074) and anesthesia (p = 0.183) groups (paired t test; control, n = 26; anesthesia, n = 25). c Summary graph comparing ketamine CPP scores between groups (p = 0.858, student’s t test; control, n = 26; anesthesia, n = 25). d–e Nicotine-induced place preference occurred only in mice that received early repeated ketamine anesthesia (nicotine-CPP). d Time spent in the nicotine-paired (white) chamber was significantly increased after conditioning in the anesthesia (p = 0.011) but not in the control (p = 0.172) group (paired t test; control, n = 18, anesthesia, n = 17). e Summary graph comparing nicotine-CPP scores between groups (p = 0.894, Welch ANOVA; control, n = 18, Anesthesia, n = 17). Values are presented as means ± SD (n.s., not significant; *p < 0.05).