Table 1.

Reliability and clinical validity of pre-specified Roche PD Mobile Application v2 active test and passive monitoring sensor features.

Digital test	Sensor feature	MDS-UPDRS item	Test–retest reliability	Spearman’s correlation coefficient		MDS-UPDRS item score 0 versus 1					Hoehn and Yahr Stage I versus II
			ICC (95% CI)	rs	P value	N	U stat	P value	N 0/N 1	Percent difference on group medians	U stat	P value	N 1/N 2	Percent difference on group medians	Feature differences in expected direction
Draw A Shape	Spiral celerity (L)	3.5 Hand movement (L)	0.91 (0.88–0.93)	− 0.15	0.0092	300	7061	0.0043	184/95	− 14.06	6681	0.0047	74/226	− 9.5	Yes
	Spiral celerity (M)	3.5 Hand movement (M)	0.92 (0.89–0.94)	− 0.12	0.0334	300	3091	0.0981	49/144	− 14.29	6463	0.0017	74/226	− 15.2	Yes
Dexterity	Tapping variability (L)	3.4 Finger tapping (L)	0.84 (0.79–0.88)	0.32	< 0.0001	300	6786	0.0006	152/116	27.33	6444	0.0015	74/226	27.16	Yes
	Tapping variability (M)	3.4 Finger tapping (M)	0.88 (0.84–0.91)	0.37	< 0.0001	300	1261	0.0006	30/135	40.64	6691	0.005	74/226	17.95	Yes
Hand Turning	Median Hand Turning speed (L)	3.6 Pronation-supination (L)	0.92 (0.89–0.94)	− 0.18	0.0015	300	7930	0.0361	192/95	− 7.85	7268	0.0458	74/226	− 7.18	Yes
	Median Hand Turning speed (M)	3.6 Pronation-supination (M)	0.95 (0.93–0.97)	− 0.46	< 0.0001	300	1912	0.0008	43/131	− 12.37	7216	0.0385	74/226	− 9.33	Yes
Speech	MFCC2 variability	3.1 Speech	0.77 (0.69–0.83)	− 0.29	< 0.0001	295	5692	< 0.0001	126/138	− 13.68	6395	0.0412	71/209	− 4.47	Yes
Phonation	Voice jitter	3.1 Speech	0.88 (0.85–0.91)	0.18	0.0017	297	7381	0.0001	135/146	21.65	7248	0.073	73/224	12.87	Yes
Postural Tremor	Log median squared energy (L)	3.15 Postural tremor (L)	0.83 (0.77–0.87)	0.23	< 0.0001	300	3240	0.0002	259/39	8.26	7111	0.0343	73/227	1.2	Yes
	Log median squared energy (M)	3.1 Postural tremor (M)	0.92 (0.90–0.94)	0.5	< 0.0001	300	4779	< 0.0001	150/116	12.45	8108	0.3918	73/227	1.28	Yes
Rest Tremor	Log median squared energy (L)	3.17 Rest tremor amplitude (L)	0.91 (0.88–0.93)	0.34	< 0.0001	300	967	< 0.0001	274/19	23.73	6614	0.0048	73/227	6.12	Yes
	Log median squared energy (M)	3.17 Rest tremor amplitude (M)	0.94 (0.91–0.95)	0.71	< 0.0001	300	1565	< 0.0001	124/71	19.27	7896	0.2731	73/227	3.59	Yes
Balance	Log sway jerk	3.12 Postural stability	0.82 (0.76–0.87)	0.14	0.0138	299	890	0.0071	287/11	10.6	7988	0.3870	72/227	1.29	Yes
U-turn	Median turn sp eed	3.14 Body bradykinesia	0.91 (0.88–0.93)	− 0.22	0.0001	299	3113	0.0539	44/168	− 5.39	6322	0.0019	72/227	− 7.83	Yes
eSDMT	Number of correct responses	1.1 Cognitive impairment	0.75 (0.66–0.81)	− 0.18	0.0014	303	3787.5	0.0012	248/43	− 10	6538	0.0008	76/227	− 7.14	Yes
Passive monitoring of gait	Median turn speed	3.14 Body bradykinesia	0.82 (0.77–0.89)	− 0.22	0.0001	285	3130	0.154	43/162	− 3.3	6270	0.0138	71/214	− 4.65	Yes
Passive monitoring of non-gait arm movements	Median arm movement power (non-gait)	3.6 Pronation-supination, left hand	0.85 (0.80–0.89)	− 0.43	< 0.0001	269	3108	< 0.0001	106/89	− 35.73	5221	0.0242	60/209	− 30.64	Yes

“M” = most affected side; “L” = least affected side.

CI confidence interval, eSDMT electronic Symbol Digit Modalities Test, ICC intraclass correlation coefficient, L less affected side, M more affected side, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society—Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, MFCC2 Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient 2.