Table 3.
Barriers and facilitators to engaging with ERPOs by initiation approach.
| n (%) | Counselling patient or patient’s family | Working with law enforcement | Filing independently |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barriers | |||
| Lack of knowledge about the ERPO process | 2513 (83.2) | 2144 (71.0) | 2406 (79.6) |
| Unsure what types of behaviors or threats would qualify for an ERPO | 1729 (57.2) | 1517 (50.2) | 1690 (55.9) |
| Not enough time during patient encounter | 1130 (37.4) | 1089 (36.0) | 1702 (56.3) |
| It may negatively affect my relationship with the patient | 1032 (34.2) | 1217 (40.3) | 1066 (35.3) |
| Current reimbursement structures do not incentivize this | 282 (9.3) | 275 (9.1) | 468 (15.5) |
| I have concerns about involving the court system | 726 (24.0) | 878 (29.1) | 806 (26.7) |
| I have concerns about involving law enforcement | – | 1338 (44.3) | – |
| Unable to attend hearing at courthouse | – | – | 1726 (57.1) |
| Other | 184 (6.1) | 117 (3.9) | 115 (3.8) |
| There are no barriers | 157 (5.2) | 164 (5.4) | 69 (2.3) |
| I don't think clinicians should do this | 24 (0.8) | 42 (1.4) | 77 (2.5) |
| Facilitators | |||
| Training for clinicians about ERPOs | 2319 (76.8) | 2095 (69.3) | 2138 (70.8) |
| Being able to consult with a legal expert | 1138 (37.7) | 1225 (40.5) | 1552 (51.4) |
| If there were a social worker or liaison to refer patient or patient's family to | 2463 (81.5) | – | – |
| Having an informational pamphlet to give to patient or patient's family | 1777 (58.8) | – | – |
| If there were a law enforcement ERPO liaison to work with | – | 1938 (64.2) | – |
| If there were a crisis worker ERPO liaison to work with | – | 2143 (70.9) | – |
| If there were an ERPO coordinator to help me with the paperwork | – | – | 2155 (71.3) |
| Being able to attend the court hearing remotely | – | – | 1489 (49.3) |
| Other | 67 (2.2) | 68 (2.3) | 83 (2.7) |
| Nothing would make me feel more willing | 79 (2.6) | 147 (4.9) | 312 (10.3) |
Note: Missingness < 5% excluded from table.
Not all response barrier and facilitator options were appropriate for each ERPO type. The dashed cells above represent that options that were not offered for that ERPO initiation approach.