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. 2022 Jul 15;12:12151. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16321-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The toxicity in rat tissues in DEN-induced liver cancer rats. Representative histopathological sections of rat tissues were stained with H&E in DEN-induced liver cancer rats for 8 weeks, and the treatments were performed for 4 weeks from week 12, which included DOX, CGDCM-L, CGDCM-H, and the combination of DOX with CGDCM-H extracts from stem bark of C. gigantea. The vehicle group was treated with 0.8% DMSO. Scale bars = 200 μm, 100 µm, and 50 µm under × 4, × 10, and × 20 magnification. CGDCM, C. gigantea dichloromethane extract; CGDCM-L, CGDCM low dose; CGDCM-H, CGDCM high dose; DOX, doxorubicin.

The toxicity in rat tissues in DEN-induced liver cancer rats. Representative histopathological sections of rat tissues were stained with H&E in DEN-induced liver cancer rats for 8 weeks, and the treatments were performed for 4 weeks from week 12, which included DOX, CGDCM-L, CGDCM-H, and the combination of DOX with CGDCM-H extracts from stem bark of C. gigantea. The vehicle group was treated with 0.8% DMSO. Scale bars = 200 μm, 100 µm, and 50 µm under × 4, × 10, and × 20 magnification. CGDCM, C. gigantea dichloromethane extract; CGDCM-L, CGDCM low dose; CGDCM-H, CGDCM high dose; DOX, doxorubicin.