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. 2022 Jul 15;12:12151. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16321-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of CGDCM extract from stem bark of C. gigantea on DEN-induced liver cancer rats. DEN administration was performed for 8 weeks, and the treatments were performed for 4 weeks from week 12, which included DOX, CGDCM-L, CGDCM-H, and the combination of DOX and CGDCM-H. The vehicle group was treated with 0.8% DMSO. (a) The body weight of the rats was measured weekly until week 16. (b) A percentage of the liver-to-body weight ratio was recorded at the end of the treatments (week 16). (c) A percentage of serum levels of AST and ALT were analyzed in weeks 0, 3, 8, 12 and 16 and (d) at week 16 of the treatment groups. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD test and reported as the mean ± SD (n = 7), *p < 0.05 compared to the vehicle at week 0. CGDCM, C. gigantea dichloromethane extract; CGDCM-L, CGDCM low dose; CGDCM-H, CGDCM high dose; DOX, doxorubicin.