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. 2022 Jul 15;12:12151. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16321-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quantitative examination of the prevalence of HCC. Liver H&E sections at the end of the treatments (week 16) were scanned by Zeiss Axio Scan Z1 (Zeiss, Germany) and measured the area by the METAVIR scoring system (ZEN blue 2.3). Histograms show the relative HCC area (%). The vehicle group was treated with 0.8% DMSO. DEN administration was performed for 8 weeks, and the treatments were performed for 4 weeks from week 12, which included DOX, CGDCM-L, CGDCM-H, and the combination of DOX with CGDCM-H. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD test and reported as the mean ± SD (n = 7), *p < 0.05 compared to the vehicle at week 0. CGDCM, C. gigantea dichloromethane extract; CGDCM-L, CGDCM low dose; CGDCM-H, CGDCM high dose; DOX, doxorubicin.