Table 5.
Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Depression Among Tuberculosis Patients Attending Harari Region Public Health Institution, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021 (N = 213)
| Variables | Depression | COR (95% CI) | AOR(95% CI) | P-value at AOR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||||
| No (%) | No (%) | |||||
| Age (in years) | ≤24 | 20 (60.6%) | 13 (39.4%) | 0.98 (0.44, 2.18) | 1.92 (0.55, 6.66) | 0.30 |
| 25–34 | 28 (36.4%) | 49 (63.6%) | 0.36 (0.20, 0.67) | 0.31 (0.13, 0.75) | 0.01* | |
| ≥35 | 63 (61.2%) | 40 (38.8%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Sex | Male | 44 (38.6%) | 70 (61.4%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Female | 67 (67.7%) | 32 (32.3%) | 3.33 (1.89, 5.86) | 5.04 (2.18, 11.62) | 0.00** | |
| TB treatment duration | <3 month | 30 (57.7) | 22 (42.3) | 3.719 (1.54, 8.99) | 4.35 (0.85, 22.10) | 0.08 |
| 3–6 months | 70 (58.3%) | 50 (41.7%) | 3.82 (1.75, 8.30) | 3.51 (0.87, 14.26) | 0.08 | |
| > 6months | 11 (26.8%) | 30 (73.2%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| TB treatment category | New | 87 (58.4%) | 62 (41.6%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Re-treatment | 12 (25.0%) | 36 (75.0%) | 0.47 (0.14, 1.52) | 0.67 (0.21, 2.19) | 0.51 | |
| MDR-TB | 12 (75.0%) | 4 (25.0%) | 0.111 (0.03, 0.41) | 4.47 (0.68, 29.38) | 0.12 | |
| Phase of TB treatment | Continuation | 52 (41.3%) | 74 (58.7%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Intensive | 59 (67.8%) | 28 (32.2%) | 2.99 (1.69, 5.32) | 2.56 (1.12, 5.88) | 0.03* | |
| HIV status | Positive | 27 (84.4%) | 5 (15.6%) | 6.24 (2.30, 16.92) | 7.14 (1.55, 32.93) | 0.01* |
| Negative | 84 (46.4%) | 97 (53.6%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Smoking | Yes | 69 (74.2%) | 24 (25.8%) | 5.34 (2.94, 9.70) | 9.08 (3.35, 24.61) | 0.00** |
| No | 42 (35.0%) | 78 (65.0%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Number of packets smoked per day | No smoking | 47 (47.5%) | 52 (52.5%) | 1 | 1 | |
| ¼-½ of a Pkt | 34 (54.0%) | 29 (46.0%) | 0.45 (0.23, 0.87) | 0.97 (0.24, 3.93) | 0.96 | |
| ≥1 Packets | 30 (58.8%) | 21 (41.2%) | 0.59 (0.25, 1.37) | 1.20 (0.32, 4.44) | 0.79 | |
| Drinking alcohol | Yes | 47 (59.5%) | 32 (40.5%) | 1.61 (0.92, 2.82) | 0.49 (0.06, 3.78) | 0.49 |
| No | 64 (47.8%) | 70 (52.2%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Frequency of drinking alcohol per week | No drink | 61 (45.5%) | 73 (54.5%) | 1 | 1 | |
| 1–3 times | 25 (59.5%) | 17 (40.5%) | 1.76 (0.87, 3.56) | 3.94 (0.42, 37.21) | 0.23 | |
| ≥4 times | 25 (67.6%) | 12 (32.4%) | 2.49 (1.16, 5.37) | 3.40 (0.36, 31.81) | 0.28 | |
| Number of bottles/cups of drink alcohol | No Drink | 63 (47.0%) | 71 (53.0%) | 1 | 1 | |
| 1–3 Bottle | 39 (58.2%) | 28 (41.8%) | 1.57 (0.87, 2.84) | 0.71 (0.12, 4.13) | 0.70 | |
| ≥ 4 Bottle | 9 (75.0%) | 3 (25.0%) | 3.38 (0.88, 13.04) | 1.84 (0.12, 27.47) | 0.66 | |
| Frequency of chewing chat per week | No Chewing | 47 (47.5%) | 52 (52.5%) | 1 | 1 | |
| 1–3 times | 34 (54.0%) | 29 (46.0%) | 1.30 (0.69, 2.44) | 0.44 (0.11, 1.76) | 0.25 | |
| ≥4 times | 30 (58.8%) | 21 (41.2%) | 1.58 (0.80, 3.13) | 0.85 (0.22, 3.33) | 0.81 | |
| Oslo social support scale | Poor | 55 (59.1%) | 38 (40.9%) | 2.55 (1.30, 5.02) | 4.13 (1.29, 13.22) | 0.02* |
| Moderate | 35 (56.5%) | 27 (43.5%) | 2.28 (1.10, 4.76) | 2.44 (0.79, 7.51) | 0.12 | |
| Strong | 21 (36.2%) | 37 (63.8%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Perceived TB stigma scale | Yes | 71 (60.7%) | 46 (39.3%) | 2.16 (1.25, 3.74) | 1.87 (0.85, 4.10) | 0.12 |
| No | 40 (41.7%) | 56 (58.3%) | 1 | 1 | ||
Notes: *significant association (p-value < 0.05), ** significant association (p-value < 0.01), 1= reference category, The significance values in bold is to recognize and identify associated factors easily.
Abbreviations: COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Pkts, packets; TB, tuberculosis.