Table 5.
Comparison of the mean of problem solving sub-scales scores in three times in three groups
| Variable | Group | Mean±SD | P value *** | P value**** | Group***** | Time×Group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1a | T2b | T3c | (1-2-3) | 1,2 | 1,3 | 2,3 | F | P value | F | P value | ||
| Constructive problem-solving | Self-awareness | 9.02±2.37 | 9.41±1.82 | 9.98±1.73 | 0.008 | 0.74 | 0.007 | 0.02 | 1.11 | 0.33 | 0.74 | 0.56****** |
| Problem-solving | 9.07±2.21 | 9.31±2.29 | 9.91±1.79 | 0.05 | 0.99 | 0.07 | 0.37 | |||||
| Control | 8.70±2.32 | 8.91±2.35 | 9.02±2.02 | 0.47 | 1 | 0.68 | 1 | |||||
| P value | 0.72* | 0.69* | 0.06* | |||||||||
| Non-constructive problem-solving | Self-awareness | 5.02±1.62 | 4.70±2.05 | 4.75±1.91 | 0.41 | 0.82 | 1 | 1 | 3.36 | 0.01 | 2.31 | 0.11******* |
| Problem-solving | 5.02±2.13 | 5.07±1.71 | 5.31±1.79 | 0.49 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Control | 5.30±2.07 | 6.01±1.79 | 6.22±1.98 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 1 | |||||
| P value | 0.91* | 0.02* | 0.006** | |||||||||
a: Before the intervention; b: Immediately after the intervention; c: One month after the intervention; *Kruskal-Wallis; *:ANOVA; ***Repeated Measure ANOVA; ****Bonferroni test; *****Test of effects Group; ******Test of interaction effects Time and Group (Sphericity Assumed); *******Test of interaction effects Time and Group (Greenhouse-Geisser)