Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| LTRs (n = 106) | HCs (n = 28) | P value | LTRs 4th vaccination (n = 36) |
HCs (n = 10) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at 3rd vaccination, y | 59.0 (51.0–68.3) | 33.0 (25.5–43.8) | < .001 | 61.0 (52.5.–67.0) | 53.0 (32.3–60.0) | .092 |
| Females | 42 (39.6) | 17 (60.7) | 13 (36.1) | 5 (50.0) | ||
| Time 2nd to 3rd vaccination, d | 157.0 (127.0–188.0) | 214.0 (190.0–252.0) | < .001 | 130.0 (98.3–164.3) | 222.0 (216.5–228.0) | < .001 |
| Time 3rd to 4th vaccination, d | 125.0 (94.5–147.5) | 126.0 (93.0–148.0) | 123.5 (91.2–186.0) | .532 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.3 (22.1–28.3) | 22.0 (19.2–25.6) | .0546 | 24.2 (22.7–27.9) | 24.5 (21.7–28.0) | .879 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 22 (20.8) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (30.6) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Arterial hypertension | 80 (75.4) | 0 (0.0) | 28 (77.8) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| CKD | ||||||
| GFR 30‒59 mL/min | 46 (43.4) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (44.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| GFR <30 mL/min | 13 (12.3) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (19.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Etiology of liver disease | ||||||
| ALD | 22 (20.8) | 4 (11.1) | ||||
| AILD | 20 (18.7) | 8 (22.2) | ||||
| NASH | 7 (6.6) | 1 (3.8) | ||||
| Viral | 19 (17.9) | 3 (8.3) | ||||
| ALF | 8 (7.5) | 3 (8.3) | ||||
| Pediatric | 6 (5.7) | 2 (5.6) | ||||
| Other | 28 (26.4) | 15 (41.7) | ||||
| HCC before LT | 23 (21.7) | 5 (13.9) | ||||
| Time from 1st LT, y | 8.8 (2.6–14.8) | 10.0 (2.6–21.3) | ||||
| Vaccination ≤1 y post LT | 9 (8.5) | 3 (8.3) | ||||
| Immunosuppression | ||||||
| Monotherapy | 24 (22.6) | 8 (22.2) | ||||
| Tacrolimus | 19 (17.9) | 6 (16.7) | ||||
| Cyclosporine | 2 (1.9) | 1 (3.8) | ||||
| mTORi | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| MMF | 1 (0.9) | 1 (3.8) | ||||
| CNI + MMF | 44 (41.5) | 15 (41.7) | ||||
| CNI + azathioprine | 2 (1.9) | 1 (3.8) | ||||
| CNI + mTORi | 16 (15.1) | 2 (5.6) | ||||
| CNI + prednisone | 7 (6.6) | 5 (13.9) | ||||
| mTORi + MMF | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| mTORi + azathioprine | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| mTORi + prednisone | 4 (3.8) | 2 (5.6) | ||||
| ≥ 3 immunosuppressants | 8 (7.5) | 3 (8.3) | ||||
| Biologicals | 2 (1.9) | 2 (5.6) | ||||
| Laboratory | ||||||
| HbA1c, % (ref. 4.8-5.6) | 5.6 (5.2–6.5) | 5.6 (5.3–6.6) | ||||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.4 (1.1–2.0) | ||||
| eGFR (CKD-EPI), mL/min | 54.5 (41.0–76.0) | 49.0 (33.0–68.0) | ||||
| Lymphocytes, billion/μl | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) |
Note: Data are presented as number (%), mean (standard deviation), or median (interquartile range).
Note: Boldface P values indicate statistical significance.
AILD, Autoimmune liver disease; ALD, alcoholic liver disease; ALF, acute liver failure; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; CNI, calcineurin inhibitor; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HC, healthy control; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; LTR, liver transplant recipient; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; mTORi, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.