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. 2022 Jul 16;19:189. doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02531-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Thrombin activity and expression pattern of thrombin, PAR1 and MMP9 after SCI. A Illustration describing the experiment design for temporal expression of thrombin and its downstream proteins. B Representative line chart of temporal thrombin activity after SCI (2 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d). C Quantitative analysis of thrombin activity (data shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, n = 3). D Representative western blot image of the temporal expression after SCI (2 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d) of thrombin, PAR1 and MMP9. The expression level of each protein was normalized by GAPDH. E Quantitative analysis of the temporal expression of MMP9, thrombin and PAR1 normalized by GAPDH (data shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, P value of MMP9 was shown as *, thrombin as #, and PAR1 as &, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. the SCI group, n = 3)