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. 2022 Jul 16;19:189. doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02531-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Nafamostat inhibited the expression of thrombin and MMP9 after SCI in the injured spinal cord. A Representative line chart of thrombin activity at 3 dpi. B Quantitative analysis of thrombin activity (data shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, ****P < 0.0001, n = 5). C Representative western blot image of thrombin and MMP expression 3 days after SCI. D, E Quantitative analysis of thrombin and MMP9 expression level (data shown as mean ± SEM, unpaired t-test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, n = 3). F Representative longitude immunofluorescence image of thrombin (red) at 3 days post-injury. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 800 μm. The dotted lines represent area where thrombin infiltrates the spinal parenchyma. G Quantitative analysis of the fluorescence intensity of thrombin at different locations with the injury site as the center. H Quantitative analysis of the size of thrombin infiltration area (data shown as mean ± SEM, unpaired t-test, *P < 0.05, n = 3)