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. 2022 Jul 16;20:333. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01544-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Hydrophobicity and zeta potential effect on NP adsorption to human RBCs. a Coupling efficiency of PLGA65:35 and PLGA50:50 NPs onto human RBCs at different RBC:NP incubation ratios. b Percentages of human RBC populations carrying PLGA65:35 or PLGA50:50 NPs. c Hemolysis percentages of human RBCs after incubation with PLGA65:35 or PLGA50:50 NPs at different RBC:NP incubation ratios. Hemolysis percentages are represented as total hemolysis subtracted by hemolysis of control cells. d Coupling efficiency of PLGA65:35 and PEI-PLGA65:35 nanoparticles onto human RBCs at different RBC:NP incubation ratios. e Percentages of human RBC populations carrying PLGA65:35 or PEI-PLGA65:35 NPs. f Hemolysis percentages of human RBCs after incubation with PLGA65:35 or PEI-PLGA65:35 NPs at different RBC:NP incubation ratios. Hemolysis percentages are represented as total hemolysis subtracted by hemolysis of control cells. g Agglutination assay of human RBCs with PLGA65:35 or PLGA50:50 NPs or PEI-PLGA65:35 NPs at different RBC:NP incubation ratios (n = 3). All data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). The number of asterisks indicate the level of significance (two-way ANOVA with Sidak multiple testing adjustment), where: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001