Fig. 11.

NGR1 protects H9C2 cells from H₂O₂-induced cell injury through the activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Changes in intracellular p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 protein levels after treatment of H9C2 cells with 100 μM NGR1 and 350 μM H₂O₂ (A–C). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus the control group; ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 versus the H₂O₂ group. Changes in intracellular p-AKT and p-ERK levels at various time points in NGR1-treated H9C2 cells (D–G). **P < 0.01 versus the control group; ^##P < 0.01 versus the 15 min group; ^&&P < 0.01 versus the 30 min group. The protective effect of NGR1 on H9C2 cells after the addition of signaling pathway inhibitors (H, I). **P < 0.01 versus the control group; ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 versus the H₂O₂ group; ^&P < 0.05 and ^&&P < 0.01 versus the NGR1 + H₂O₂ group. TUNEL assay results for each group after the addition of LY294002 and U0126 (J, K). Scale bar: 100 μm **P < 0.01 versus the H₂O₂ group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 versus the NGR1 + H₂O₂ group. Effect of Annexin V-PI flow-through assay LY294002 and U0126 on the protective effect of NGR1 (L, M). **P < 0.01 versus the H₂O₂ group; ^#P < 0.05 versus the NGR1 + H₂O₂ group.