PRDX3 suppresses HSC activation by regulating mitochondrial ROS production. (A) Colocalization of PRDX3 and mitochondria (MitoTracker) in LX-2 cells, n = 3. Scale bar: 25 μm. (B–E) LX-2 cells were transfected with pcDNA-PRDX3 and then treated with TGF-β1. (B–D) Images of JC-1- and MitoSOX-stained cells, n = 3. Scale bar: 200 μm. (E) H2O2 content, n = 6. (F–I) LX-2 cells were transfected with PRDX3 siRNA and incubated with mito-TEMPO under TGF-β1 treatment. (F, G) Images of MitoSOX-stained cells, n = 3. (H) Col1a1 and α-SMA proteins, n = 3. (I) Col1a1, α-SMA, CTGF, TIMP1 mRNA levels, n = 6. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01.