Extended Data Fig. 8. Summary model for how circuit-modified hippocampal neurogenesis modulates.

hippocampal dependent behavior By combining circuit manipulation with lineage tracing of adult-born neural precursors, we demonstrate that SuM glutamatergic inputs act on the initial rNSC stage to promote self-renewal and neurogenic proliferation of rNSCs, leading to increased production of rNSCs and neural progenitors. Then, SuM GABAergic inputs indirectly acts on the neural progenitors potentially through dentate interneurons and directly acts on early-stage immature neurons to promote differentiation of neural progenitors and dendritic development of immature neurons, respectively, leading to increased number of immature neurons with longer and more elaborate dendrites. Finally, SuM GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs collectively act on late-stage immature neurons, leading to increased number of ABNs with enhanced maturity and increased dendritic spines. Therefore, stimulating SuM neurons leads to not only increased number of ABNs, but also enhanced developmental features of ABNs. Importantly, selectively manipulating the activity of circuit-modified ABNs further modulates memory performance and anxiety-like behavior as compared to activity-manipulation of control ABNs: activation of these circuit-modified ABNs further improves memory retrieval and reduces anxiety; while inhibition of these neurons exacerbates anxiety without affecting memory performance.