Table 7. Summary table for the included Studies.

CBD: cannabidiol; ROS: reactive oxygen species; THC: tetrahydrocannabinol; RCT: randomized clinical trial

Author and year of publication	Purpose of the study	Number of patients/studies	Type of study	Main findings
Boyaji et al. [8]	To find an alternative treatment that is safer and more effective than opioids to combat chronic pain challenges.	7 studies	Review	Cannabidiol is a promising alternative to manage pain but hard to make recommendations due to the difficulty of attributing the therapeutic properties to CBD alone.
Fischer et al. [17]	To identify new scientific advances to make an updated 'Lower Risk Cannabis Use Guideline' (LRCUG).	Not specified	Review	The high-risk group (early adolescent, patient with comorbidity, and pregnant or breastfeeding women) can have a harmful outcome from CBD use; hence, lowering the risk factor can also lessen the adverse outcome.
Mauer et al. [5]	To know the safety, efficacy, and adverse effect of cannabis-based products on athletes.	2224 patients	Review	Recommendations from physicians are promising but hard to do since studies available are from non-athletic subjects.
VanDolah et al. [3]	To identify a non-intoxicating alternative to opioids in chronic pain management.	102 studies	Review	CBD and hemp oil have a positive potential benefit in managing chronic pain, and more research is required.
Mücke et al. [16]	To compare if cannabis-based medication versus placebo or conventional drugs are safe, efficient, and tolerable.	16 studies, 1750 patients	Review	Some patients with neuropathic pain may benefit from cannabis-based medicine (3rd or 4th line therapy), and no high-quality evidence to show how efficacious cannabis-based drugs are.
Pagano et al. [19]	To evaluate the safety level, dosing, and timing of CBD on healthy cells.	29 studies	Systemic review	Dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability above two micrograms while apoptosis is observed in 10 micrograms CBD. Anti-inflammatory effects and decreased ROS production were also noted.
Rabgay et al. [18]	To determine the role of the route of administration of cannabis and cannabinoids on pain and its side effects.	25 studies, 2270 patient	Systemic review	Among different routes of administration of THC/CBD, the Oro-mucosal route was dominant in controlling pain from different causes like cancer, neuropathic, and nociceptive pain.
Scuteri et al. [20]	To know the efficacy of cannabinoid-based products in ocular pain regimens.	4 studies	Systemic review	Preclinical studies are needed to establish the efficacy of CBD in ocular inflammation and neuropathic pain, although analgesia is observed using CBD oil. It is noted that the is analgesia as well on the topical formulation.
Diaz et al. [21]	To describe a patient with chronic pressure injury treated with medical cannabis oil (THC and CBD) for pain relief and sleep improvement.	1 patient	Case report	Medical Cannabis oil containing THC and CBD taken orally improves pain and sleep with direct or indirect effect on wound healing.
Boehnke et al. [6]	To describe naturalistic cannabis use routine and its benefits.	1087 patients	Observational (cross-sectional)	The risk and benefits of medical cannabis can be further observed when administration route profiles are used to make subgroups.
Capano et al. [7]	To determine the effect of CBD (full hemp extract) on chronic pain regarding the quality of life and opioid use.	131 patients	Observational (prospective cohort)	CBD improves pain, quality of life and sleep quality and decreases opioid use in patients who have chronic pain on narcotics.
Lichtman et al. [22]	To assess the use of nabiximols as an adjunct to opioids in advanced cancer patients with poorly controlled pain.	397 patients	RCT	Advanced cancer patients on lower opioid therapy with early intolerance to opioid may benefit more from CBD as adjunct medication, although CBD is not superior to placebo on primary efficacy.