Table 1.
Type of Effect | Potential Correlates of Retirement Transitions | Effects on Depression | Potential Interventions |
---|---|---|---|
Protective Factors | Loss of Job Responsibilities | Less Work Stress Better Life Satisfaction |
N/A |
Increase in Physical and Leisure Activities | Better Life Satisfaction | N/A | |
Psychosocial Risk Factors | Loss of Social Role (especially unplanned or involuntary transitions) | Poor Life Satisfaction | Phased retirement Second career Volunteer programs Hobbies |
Loss of Work Network | Social Isolation and Loneliness | Peer support | |
Changes in Lifestyle | Health Problems Social Isolation Financial Problems |
Community-based exercise Alcohol and smoking cessation |
|
Loss of Income | Financial Problems | Financial planning Social safety nets |
|
Biological Risk Factors | Polypharmacy | Disease Comorbidity Lack of Treatment |
Collaborative care model Non-pharmacological treatments |
Age-related illness | Vascular Depression Lack of Treatment |
Collaborative care model Home-based care |
|
Structural Risk Factors | Loss of Insurance and Other Employer-Provided Benefits | Financial Problems Health Problems |
Extension of benefits Non-physician workforce |
Health-Related Retirement | Early Retirement Social Isolation Financial Problems Disease Comorbidity |
Social safety nets Healthy behaviors |
|
Lack of Screening | Lack of Treatment | Collaborative care model Home-based care Non-physician screeners |
|
Shortage of Geriatric Psychiatrists | Lack of Treatment | Community-based treatment Non-physician workforce |