Table 4.

Results of lung function test in severe COVID-19 patients were followed at 3 months and 1 year

Parameter	Total patients (n = 25)			hUC-MSC (n = 8)			Control (n = 17)			1-year follow-up
	3 Months	1 Year	P value	3 Months	1 Year	P value	3 Months	1 Year	P value	Control	hUC-MSC	P value
VC
VC (Mean ± SD)	2.91 ± 0.74	3.3 ± 0.81	0.055	2.72 ± 0.88	3.14 ± 0.93	0.102	3 ± 0.67	3.35 ± 0.84	0.144	3.35 ± 0.84	3.14 ± 0.93	0.575
VC (% of predicted)	81.4 ± 14.21	101.68 ± 15.84	0.000***	72.63 ± 9.86	99.75 ± 12.99	0.002**	85.53 ± 14.27	102.59 ± 17.31	0.003**	102.59 ± 17.31	99.75 ± 12.99	0.685
N, ≤ 80% predicted	11(44.0%)	1(4.0%)	0.001**	5(62.5%)	0(0%)	0.026*	6(35.3%)	1(6.9%)	0.085	1(6.9%)	0(0%)	1.000
FVC
FVC (Mean ± SD)	2.83 ± 0.75	3.02 ± 0.78	0.182	2.68 ± 0.89	2.8 ± 0.79	0.507	2.89 ± 0.7	3.12 ± 0.78	0.257	3.12 ± 0.78	2.8 ± 0.79	0.350
FVC (% of predicted)	80.04 ± 14.35	93.24 ± 11.27	0.000***	72.63 ± 9.46	89.88 ± 9	0.003**	83.53 ± 15.14	94.82 ± 12.12	0.022*	94.82 ± 12.12	89.88 ± 9	0.316
N, ≤ 80% predicted	13(52.0%)	3(12.0%)	0.002**	6 (75.0%)	0(0%)	0.007**	7(41.2%)	3(17.6%)	0.259	3(17.6%)	0(0%)	0.527
FEV1
FEV1 (Mean ± SD)	1.89 ± 0.71	2.54 ± 0.76	0.001**	2.12 ± 0.64	2.37 ± 0.73	0.193	1.78 ± 0.73	2.62 ± 0.78	0.002**	2.62 ± 0.78	2.37 ± 0.73	0.459
FEV1 (% of predicted)	65.84 ± 23.94	90.72 ± 10.97	0.000***	71.88 ± 8.46	89.13 ± 6.85	0.001**	63 ± 28.31	91.47 ± 12.57	0.001**	91.47 ± 12.57	89.13 ± 6.85	0.628
≤ 80% predicted	18(72.0%)	4(16.0%)	0.000 ***	6(75.0%)	0(0%)	0.007**	12(70.6%)	4(23.5%)	0.015*	4(23.5%)	0(0%)	0.283
FEV1/FVC (%)	0.67 ± 0.19	0.84 ± 0.07	0.000***	0.8 ± 0.08	0.84 ± 0.06	0.186	0.61 ± 0.2	0.83 ± 0.08	0.000	0.83 ± 0.08	0.84 ± 0.06	0.829
≤ 70%	12(48.0%)	1(4.0%)	0.000***	1(12.5%)	0(0%)	1.000	10(58.8%)	1(6.9%)	0.000	1(6.9%)	0(0%)	1.000
PEF	2.82 ± 1.83	4.44 ± 1.42	0.001	3.59 ± 1.81	4.17 ± 1.73	0.391	2.46 ± 1.78	4.58 ± 1.28	0.001	4.58 ± 1.28	4.17 ± 1.73	0.514
PEF (% of predicted)	38.4 ± 27.05	65.92 ± 18.8	0.000	45.5 ± 22.87	62.63 ± 20.03	0.034	35.06 ± 28.84	67.47 ± 18.62	0.001	67.47 ± 18.62	62.63 ± 20.03	0.559
MVV	70 ± 26.49	90.44 ± 25.23	0.005	71.56 ± 39.61	89.44 ± 35.4	0.241	69.26 ± 19.08	90.91 ± 20.14	0.011	90.91 ± 20.14	89.44 ± 35.4	0.895
MVV (% of predicted)	65.32 ± 15.52	86.74 ± 15.94	0.000	67.13 ± 20.16	85.31 ± 17.62	0.014	64.47 ± 13.46	87.41 ± 15.6	0.000	87.41 ± 15.6	85.31 ± 17.62	0.766

VC vital capacity, FVC vital capacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, PEF peak expiratory flow, MVV maximal voluntary ventilation

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001