Table 4.
Results of lung function test in severe COVID-19 patients were followed at 3 months and 1 year
| Parameter | Total patients (n = 25) | hUC-MSC (n = 8) | Control (n = 17) | 1-year follow-up | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 Months | 1 Year | P value | 3 Months | 1 Year | P value | 3 Months | 1 Year | P value | Control | hUC-MSC | P value | |
| VC | ||||||||||||
| VC (Mean ± SD) | 2.91 ± 0.74 | 3.3 ± 0.81 | 0.055 | 2.72 ± 0.88 | 3.14 ± 0.93 | 0.102 | 3 ± 0.67 | 3.35 ± 0.84 | 0.144 | 3.35 ± 0.84 | 3.14 ± 0.93 | 0.575 |
| VC (% of predicted) | 81.4 ± 14.21 | 101.68 ± 15.84 | 0.000*** | 72.63 ± 9.86 | 99.75 ± 12.99 | 0.002** | 85.53 ± 14.27 | 102.59 ± 17.31 | 0.003** | 102.59 ± 17.31 | 99.75 ± 12.99 | 0.685 |
| N, ≤ 80% predicted | 11(44.0%) | 1(4.0%) | 0.001** | 5(62.5%) | 0(0%) | 0.026* | 6(35.3%) | 1(6.9%) | 0.085 | 1(6.9%) | 0(0%) | 1.000 |
| FVC | ||||||||||||
| FVC (Mean ± SD) | 2.83 ± 0.75 | 3.02 ± 0.78 | 0.182 | 2.68 ± 0.89 | 2.8 ± 0.79 | 0.507 | 2.89 ± 0.7 | 3.12 ± 0.78 | 0.257 | 3.12 ± 0.78 | 2.8 ± 0.79 | 0.350 |
| FVC (% of predicted) | 80.04 ± 14.35 | 93.24 ± 11.27 | 0.000*** | 72.63 ± 9.46 | 89.88 ± 9 | 0.003** | 83.53 ± 15.14 | 94.82 ± 12.12 | 0.022* | 94.82 ± 12.12 | 89.88 ± 9 | 0.316 |
| N, ≤ 80% predicted | 13(52.0%) | 3(12.0%) | 0.002** | 6 (75.0%) | 0(0%) | 0.007** | 7(41.2%) | 3(17.6%) | 0.259 | 3(17.6%) | 0(0%) | 0.527 |
| FEV1 | ||||||||||||
| FEV1 (Mean ± SD) | 1.89 ± 0.71 | 2.54 ± 0.76 | 0.001** | 2.12 ± 0.64 | 2.37 ± 0.73 | 0.193 | 1.78 ± 0.73 | 2.62 ± 0.78 | 0.002** | 2.62 ± 0.78 | 2.37 ± 0.73 | 0.459 |
| FEV1 (% of predicted) | 65.84 ± 23.94 | 90.72 ± 10.97 | 0.000*** | 71.88 ± 8.46 | 89.13 ± 6.85 | 0.001** | 63 ± 28.31 | 91.47 ± 12.57 | 0.001** | 91.47 ± 12.57 | 89.13 ± 6.85 | 0.628 |
| ≤ 80% predicted | 18(72.0%) | 4(16.0%) | 0.000 *** | 6(75.0%) | 0(0%) | 0.007** | 12(70.6%) | 4(23.5%) | 0.015* | 4(23.5%) | 0(0%) | 0.283 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 0.67 ± 0.19 | 0.84 ± 0.07 | 0.000*** | 0.8 ± 0.08 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.186 | 0.61 ± 0.2 | 0.83 ± 0.08 | 0.000 | 0.83 ± 0.08 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.829 |
| ≤ 70% | 12(48.0%) | 1(4.0%) | 0.000*** | 1(12.5%) | 0(0%) | 1.000 | 10(58.8%) | 1(6.9%) | 0.000 | 1(6.9%) | 0(0%) | 1.000 |
| PEF | 2.82 ± 1.83 | 4.44 ± 1.42 | 0.001 | 3.59 ± 1.81 | 4.17 ± 1.73 | 0.391 | 2.46 ± 1.78 | 4.58 ± 1.28 | 0.001 | 4.58 ± 1.28 | 4.17 ± 1.73 | 0.514 |
| PEF (% of predicted) | 38.4 ± 27.05 | 65.92 ± 18.8 | 0.000 | 45.5 ± 22.87 | 62.63 ± 20.03 | 0.034 | 35.06 ± 28.84 | 67.47 ± 18.62 | 0.001 | 67.47 ± 18.62 | 62.63 ± 20.03 | 0.559 |
| MVV | 70 ± 26.49 | 90.44 ± 25.23 | 0.005 | 71.56 ± 39.61 | 89.44 ± 35.4 | 0.241 | 69.26 ± 19.08 | 90.91 ± 20.14 | 0.011 | 90.91 ± 20.14 | 89.44 ± 35.4 | 0.895 |
| MVV (% of predicted) | 65.32 ± 15.52 | 86.74 ± 15.94 | 0.000 | 67.13 ± 20.16 | 85.31 ± 17.62 | 0.014 | 64.47 ± 13.46 | 87.41 ± 15.6 | 0.000 | 87.41 ± 15.6 | 85.31 ± 17.62 | 0.766 |
VC vital capacity, FVC vital capacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, PEF peak expiratory flow, MVV maximal voluntary ventilation
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001