Table 3.
Comparison of motivation, balance, and flexibility within group and between groups.
| Measurement | Group | Pretest | Posttest | P | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance (cm) | MVFT group | 97.06 ± 13.81 | 98.72 ± 13.79a,b | 0.016∗ | 0.119 |
| TBT group | 98.16 ± 5.96 | 103.46 ± 7.46a,c | 0.000∗ | 1.888 | |
| ART group | 98.32 ± 6.06 | 105.87 ± 6.12b,d | 0.000∗ | 1.245 | |
| Control group | 85.79 ± 16.80 | 86.91 ± 16.56c,d | 0.111 | 0.066 | |
|
| |||||
| Flexibility (cm) | MVFT group | 3.50 ± 5.86 | 3.58 ± 4.85 | 0.931 | 0.014 |
| TBT group | 3.07 ± 17.73 | 4.58 ± 14.27 | 0.269 | 0.084 | |
| ART group | 3.50 ± 13.24 | 4.83 ± 14.94 | 0.132 | 0.100 | |
| Control group | 3.08 ± 8.72 | 2.91 ± 8.71 | 0.638 | 0.019 | |
|
| |||||
| Intrinsic motivation (points) | MVFT group | 79.75 ± 2.95 | 81.33 ± 2.70 | 0.029∗ | 0.535 |
| TBT group | 78.17 ± 4.23 | 80.00 ± 5.00 | 0.017∗ | 0.432 | |
| ART group | 84.00 ± 2.37 | 86.33 ± 4.09 | 0.012∗ | 0.982 | |
| Control group | 80.42 ± 2.10 | 80.75 ± 2.13 | 0.305 | 0.157 | |
∗ P < 0.05, mean ± standard deviation; MVFT: mirror visual feedback training; TBT: therapist-based training; ART: augmented reality-based training; a: difference between MVFT and TBT; b: the difference between MVFT and ART; c: the difference between TBT and control group; d: the difference between ART and control group.