Table 1.
Clinical conditions associated with DIC.
| Clinical conditions triggering DIC | Causes of DIC |
|---|---|
| Sepsis or severe infection | Potentially any microorganism but particularly gram-negative bacteria |
| Viral infections (i.e., viral hemorrhagic fever) | |
| Malaria | |
| Rickettsia infection | |
|
| |
| Malignancy | Hematological malignancies (acute promyelocytic leukemia) |
| Solid tumors (pancreatic, stomach, colorectal cancer, and mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma) | |
|
| |
| Trauma | Head trauma |
| Severe tissue injury | |
| Burns | |
| Fat embolism | |
| Surgery | |
| Heat stroke of shock | |
|
| |
| Vascular abnormalities | Giant hemangiomas (Kasabach–Merritt syndrome) |
| Aortic aneurysm | |
| Vasculitis | |
|
| |
| Organ destruction | Pancreatitis, severe inflammation, tissue necrosis |
|
| |
| Obstetrical calamities | HELLP syndrome |
| Amniotic fluid embolism | |
| Eclampsia | |
| Placenta previa | |
| Placental abruption | |
|
| |
| Liver disease | Cirrhosis |
| Acute hepatic necrosis | |
|
| |
| Severe toxic or immunological reactions | Severe transfusion reactions (incompatible blood transfusion reactions) |
| Snake bites (such as from those belonging to the genus Echis) | |
| Transplant reaction | |
| Graft-versus-host disease | |