Table 1.
Summary of the main antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, or small molecules selectively metabolized by pathways expressed only in bacteria
| Class | Examples of radiolabeled molecules | References |
|---|---|---|
| Bacterial cell wall synthesis |
d-Amino acids analogues 99mTc-fluoroquinolones 99mTc-cephalosporins |
[38] |
| Bacterial folate pathway | [11C]-para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and 2-[18F]-PABA | [33, 35] |
| Bacteriophage | 99mTc-labeled bacteriophages | [68] |
| Cytoplasmic membrane |
123I-amphotericin-B 99mTc-UBI 29–41, 68 Ga-NOTA-UBI 29–41 |
[69, 70] |
| DNA gyrase | 99mTc/18F-ciprofloxacin | |
| DNA synthesis | [18F]-trimethoprim [18F]FPTMP | |
| Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae |
2-[18F]-fluorodeoxysorbitol ([18F]-FDS) 18F-fluoromaltohexaose (FMH) 18F-fluoromaltotriose 18F-fluoroacetamido-d-glucopyranose (FAG) 99mTc-polymyxin B |
[40] |
| Iron metabolism | Siderophore-derived agents | [71] |
| Maltodextrin transporter | [18F]-labeled maltohexaose and 6-[18F]-fluoromaltotriose | [36, 37] |
| Nucleoside analogues | 124I-Fialuridine (FIAU) | |
| Protein synthesis (16S, 30, and 50S inhibitors) |
99mTc-erythromicycin 99mTc-MORF 99mTc-kanamycin |
|
| Vitamins | Biotin |