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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 15.
Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res. 2022 Apr 29;114(12):662–673. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2020

Table 1:

Infant, care-related and sociodemographic factors among infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, California, 2006–2011.

Characteristics Total population n = 552
n %
Lived far/not transferred 248 44.9
Lived close/not transferred 117 21.2
Lived close/transferred 187 33.9
Infant and care-related factors
Sex
 Male 337 61.1
 Female 215 38.9
Birth weight (g)
 <2500 126 22.8
 ≥2500 426 77.2
Gestational age (wk)
 <37 108 20.2
 ≥37 427 79.8
5-Minute APGAR score
 <7 77 14.0
 ≥7 475 86.1
Co-occurring major birth defects
 None 517 93.7
 Any 35 6.3
Prenatal care initiation
 Trimester 1 456 84.4
 Trimester 2 or later or none 84 15.6
Level of care of birth hospital
 Level I/II 96 17.4
 Level III 272 49.3
 Level IV 184 33.3
Sociodemographic factors
Age (yrs)
 <20 41 7.4
 20–34 393 71.2
 ≥35 117 21.2
Race/ethnicity
 White Non-Hispanic 150 28.0
 Hispanic – US born 110 20.5
 Hispanic – Foreign born 192 35.8
 Black Non-Hispanic 35 6.5
 Asian/Pacific Islander 26 4.9
 Other 23 4.3
Education
 Less than high school 172 33.3
 High school graduate 160 31.0
 Some college or higher 185 35.8
Medical Insurance
 Private 212 38.6
 Medi-Cal/Other Governmental 337 61.4
Census tract poverty level
 <25 percentile 110 20.2
 25–75 percentile 277 50.7
 >75 percentile 159 29.1