Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022 Apr 13;54(8):1271–1277. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002913

Table 2.

Univariable generalized estimating equation models determining associations with hamstring strain injury (HSI).*

OR (95% CI) p-value
Age 0.83 (0.68, 1.01) 0.06
BMI 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) 0.27
Female Sex 0.60 (0.32, 1.14) 0.12
Sport <0.001
 Football REF
 Soccer 0.31 (0.14, 0.66) 0.008
 Track 2.59 (1.28, 5.27) 0.003
Prior HSI 8.41 (5.18, 13.66) <0.001
Prior Lower Extremity Surgery 0.80 (0.38, 1.70) 0.57
Total Force (N/kg) 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) 0.74
Force Asymmetry (unit=10%) ^ 1.35 (0.87, 2.09) 0.23
*

Univariable models were performed separately for each variable of interest to detect an association with HSI. Models accounted for repeated measures within athlete.

Basketball was removed from this model due to no HSI observed during study period

Normalized to body mass

^

Unit represents the unit increase used for interpretation of odds ratio and 95% CI. Unit = 1 if not otherwise specified.