Table 3.
Association between the severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) categories and the features of the hospitalized patients due to SARI in Brazil during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 pandemic.
| Patient's features | Category |
SARI due to Influenza virus |
SARI due to other respiratory viruses' infection |
SARI due to another known etiological agent |
SARI due to an undefined etiological agent |
SARI due to COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) |
Total | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Female | 1,699 (48.9%) | 7,619 (45.8%) | 3,076 (44.8%) | 428,319 (47.8%) | 804,403 (44.3%) | 1,245,116 (45.4%) | <0.001 |
| Male | 1,772 (51.1%) | 9,001 (54.2%) | 3,790 (55.2%) | 467,446 (52.2%) | 1,012,407 (55.7%) | 1,494,416 (54.6%) | ||
| Age | <1 y.o. | 201 (5.8%) | 7,322 (44.0%) | 258 (3.8%) | 44,783 (5.0%) | 8,722 (0.5%) | 61,286 (2.2%) | <0.001 |
| 1–12 y.o. | 692 (19.9%) | 5,918 (35.6%) | 534 (7.8%) | 91,605 (10.2%) | 15,265 (0.8%) | 114,014 (4.2%) | ||
| 13–24 y.o. | 213 (6.1%) | 536 (3.2%) | 343 (5.0%) | 38,550 (4.3%) | 35,434 (2.0%) | 75,076 (2.7%) | ||
| 25–60 y.o. | 1,404 (40.4%) | 1,368 (8.2%) | 2,401 (35.0%) | 320,694 (35.8%) | 943,531 (51.9%) | 1,269,398 (46.3%) | ||
| 61–72 y.o. | 433 (12.5%) | 577 (3.5%) | 1,347 (19.6%) | 167,494 (18.7%) | 418,146 (23.0%) | 587,997 (21.5%) | ||
| 73–85 y.o. | 358 (10.3%) | 599 (3.6%) | 1,248 (18.2%) | 153,703 (17.2%) | 284,986 (15.7%) | 440,894 (16.1%) | ||
| +85 y.o. | 173 (5.0%) | 307 (1.8%) | 735 (10.7%) | 79,378 (8.9%) | 111,014 (6.1%) | 191,607 (7.0%) | ||
| Race | White | 1,271 (44.4%) | 7,223 (54.6%) | 3,319 (53.0%) | 335,067 (46.4%) | 758,243 (51.4%) | 1,105,123 (49.8%) | <0.001 |
| Black | 134 (4.7%) | 524 (4.0%) | 397 (6.3%) | 44,907 (6.2%) | 77,542 (5.3%) | 123,504 (5.6%) | ||
| Asian | 34 (1.2%) | 70 (0.5%) | 75 (1.2%) | 8,611 (1.2%) | 18,024 (1.2%) | 26,814 (1.2%) | ||
| Individuals from a multiracial background |
1,422 (49.7%) | 5,353 (40.4%) | 2,453 (39.2%) | 331,031 (45.9%) | 617,238 (41.9%) | 957,497 (43.2%) | ||
| Indigenous peoples | 3 (0.1%) | 70 (0.5%) | 21 (0.3%) | 1,912 (0.3%) | 3,575 (0.2%) | 5,581 (0.3%) | ||
| Educational level | Illiterate | 147 (8.7%) | 1,506 (15.8%) | 395 (11.4%) | 35,962 (11.2%) | 40,708 (6.2%) | 78,718 (7.9%) | <0.001 |
| 1st fundamental cycle | 344 (20.5%) | 607 (6.4%) | 1,083 (31.2%) | 87,618 (27.3%) | 169,027 (25.8%) | 258,679 (26.1%) | ||
| 2nd fundamental cycle | 190 (11.3%) | 343 (3.6%) | 822 (23.7%) | 48,417 (15.1%) | 120,966 (18.5%) | 170,738 (17.2%) | ||
| High school | 352 (20.9%) | 349 (3.7%) | 681 (19.6%) | 68,191 (21.3%) | 215,191 (32.8%) | 284,764 (28.7%) | ||
| University education | 249 (14.8%) | 163 (1.7%) | 213 (6.1%) | 25,431 (7.9%) | 99,835 (15.2%) | 125,891 (12.7%) | ||
| Not applicable | 399 (23.7%) | 6,534 (68.8%) | 280 (8.1%) | 55,000 (17.2%) | 9,588 (1.5%) | 71,801 (7.2%) | ||
| Place of residence | Urban | 2,973 (93.3%) | 13,895 (92.9%) | 5,584 (90.8%) | 731,535 (93.5%) | 1,517,022 (94.7%) | 2,271,009 (94.3%) | <0.001 |
| Rural | 202 (6.3%) | 547 (3.7%) | 517 (8.4%) | 46,709 (6.0%) | 78,856 (4.9%) | 126,831 (5.3%) | ||
| Peri-urban | 12 (0.4%) | 514 (3.4%) | 47 (0.8%) | 3,852 (0.5%) | 5,627 (0.4%) | 10,052 (0.4%) | ||
| Living in a Flu outbreak region |
Yes | 292 (17.2%) | 880 (19.5%) | 488 (18.0%) | 91,417 (25.5%) | 168,392 (30.7%) | 261,469 (28.5%) | <0.001 |
| No | 1,406 (82.8%) | 363 (80.5%) | 2,219 (82.0%) | 267,646 (74.5%) | 380,482 (69.3%) | 655,385 (71.5%) | ||
| Received Flu vaccine |
Yes | 487 (29.2%) | 1,284 (22.7%) | 580 (25.3%) | 100,584 (28.5%) | 177,725 (23.7%) | 280,660 (25.2%) | <0.001 |
| No | 1,182 (70.8%) | 4,362 (77.3%) | 1,708 (74.7%) | 251,894 (71.5%) | 571,905 (76.3%) | 831,051 (74.8%) | ||
| Used antiviral drug | Yes | 1,450 (52.9%) | 2,208 (15.1%) | 503 (9.6%) | 88,925 (14.4%) | 129,958 (10.3%) | 223,044 (11.8%) | <0.001 |
| to treat the clinical signs |
No | 1,291 (47.1%) | 12,455 (84.9%) | 4,730 (90.4%) | 527,242 (85.6%) | 1,126,577 (89.7%) | 1,672,295 (88.2%) | |
| Intensive care unit | Yes | 974 (33.6%) | 4,417 (28.2%) | 1,848 (31.3%) | 199,736 (28.1%) | 585,779 (37.5%) | 792,754 (34.5%) | <0.001 |
| No | 1,926 (66.4%) | 11,249 (71.8%) | 4,052 (68.7%) | 511,504 (71.9%) | 975,474 (62.5%) | 1,504,205 (65.5%) | ||
| Mechanical ventilatory support |
Invasive | 436 (14.9%) | 1,542 (9.9%) | 1,110 (18.4%) | 96,416 (13.7%) | 321,300 (20.8%) | 420,804 (18.5 %) | <0.001 |
| Non-Invasive | 1,219 (41.6%) | 8,878 (57.0%) | 3,406 (56.6%) | 367,104 (52.1%) | 908,148 (58.8%) | 1,288,755 (56.7%) | ||
| Not required | 1,273 (43.5%) | 5,159 (33.1%) | 1,502 (25.0%) | 240,438 (34.2%) | 313,745 (20.3%) | 562,117 (24.7%) | ||
| Closure criterion | Laboratorial criterion | 2,990 (90.3%) | 16,214 (99.0%) | 5,370 (83.6%) | 598,654 (88.8%) | 1,607,588 (90.9%) | 2,230,816 (90.4%) | <0.001 |
| Clinical - Epidemiological | 51 (1.5%) | 22 (0.1%) | 181 (2.8%) | 13,021 (1.9%) | 19,097 (1.1%) | 32,372 (1.3%) | ||
| Clinical | 214 (6.5%) | 136 (0.8%) | 509 (7.9%) | 57.021 (8.5%) | 43.504 (2.5%) | 101,384 (4.1%) | ||
| Clinical - Image exams | 55 (1.7%) | 4 (0.0%) | 366 (5.7%) | 5,204 (0.8%) | 97,629 (5.5%) | 103,258 (4.2%) | ||
| Outcome | Cure | 2,662 (85.2%) | 14,436 (94.8%) | 4,272 (68.1%) | 478,039 (76.1%) | 1,077,870 (65.1%) | 1,577,279 (68.3%) | <0.001 |
| Death | 444 (14.2%) | 696 (4.6%) | 1,339 (21.3%) | 124,241 (19.8%) | 574,887 (34.7%) | 701,607 (30.4%) | ||
| Death not related to SARI | 19 (0.6%) | 102 (0.7%) | 664 (10.6%) | 25,829 (4.1%) | 3,937 (0.2%) | 30,551 (1.3%) |
We presented the data as the number of individuals (N) and percentage (%).
We did the statistical analyses using the chi-square test. We adopted an alpha error of 0.05.
SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; y.o., years old.