Table 7.
Association between features of the hospitalized patients due to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Brazil due to the Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 according to the data collection period.
| Patient's features | Category | 2020* | 2021* | Total | P | OR | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Female | 294,656 (44.4%) | 509,747 (44.2%) | 804,403 (44.3%) | 0.031 | 1.007 | 1.001–1.013 |
| Male | 369,280 (55.6%) | 643,127 (55.8%) | 1,012,407 (55.7%) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Age | <1 y.o. | 3,876 (0.6%) | 4,846 (0.4%) | 8,722 (0.5%) | <0.001 | 1.706 | 1.635–1.780 |
| 1–12 y.o. | 7,178 (1.1%) | 8,087 (0.7%) | 15,265 (0.8%) | <0.001 | 1.893 | 1.833–1.955 | |
| 13–24 y.o. | 14,325 (2.2%) | 21,109 (1.8%) | 35,434 (2.0%) | <0.001 | 1.447 | 1.416–1.479 | |
| 25–60 y.o. | 301,199 (45.4%) | 642,332 (55.7%) | 943,531 (51.9%) | 1 | Reference | ||
| 61–72 y.o. | 162,728 (24.5%) | 255,418 (14.0%) | 418,146 (23.0%) | <0.001 | 1.359 | 1.348–1.369 | |
| 73–85 y.o. | 123,531 (18.6%) | 161,455 (14.0%) | 284,986 (15.7%) | <0.001 | 1.632 | 1.618–1.646 | |
| +85 y.o. | 51,239 (7.7%) | 59,775 (5.2%) | 111,014 (6.1%) | <0.001 | 1.828 | 1.805–1.851 | |
| Race | White | 250,127 (48.2%) | 508,116 (53.1%) | 758,243 (51.4%) | 1 | Reference | |
| Black | 31,017 (6.0%) | 46,525 (4.9%) | 77,542 (5.3%) | <0.001 | 1.354 | 1.334–1.375 | |
| Asian | 7,249 (1.4%) | 10,775 (1.1%) | 18,024 (1.2%) | <0.001 | 1.367 | 1.326–1.409 | |
| Individuals from a multiracial background |
228,083 (44.0%) | 389,155 (40.7%) | 617,238 (41.9%) | <0.001 | 1.191 | 1.182–1.199 | |
| Indigenous peoples | 2,042 (0.4%) | 1,533 (0.2%) | 3,575 (0.2%) | <0.001 | 2.706 | 2.532–2.892 | |
| Educational level | Illiterate | 17,306 (7.1%) | 23,402 (5.7%) | 40,708 (6.2%) | <0.001 | 1.183 | 1.156–1.211 |
| 1st fundamental cycle | 63,179 (26.0%) | 105,848 (25.7%) | 169,027 (25.8%) | <0.001 | 0.955 | 0.940–0.971 | |
| 2nd fundamental cycle | 43,510 (17.9%) | 77,456 (18.8%) | 120,966 (18.5%) | <0.001 | 0.899 | 0.883–0.915 | |
| High school | 75,409 (31.0%) | 139,782 (33.9%) | 215,191 (32.8%) | <0.001 | 0.863 | 0.850–0.877 | |
| University education | 38,398 (15.8%) | 61,437 (14.9%) | 99,835 (15.2%) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Not applicable | 5,063 (2.1%) | 4,525 (1.1%) | 9,588 (1.5%) | - | - | ||
| Place of residence | Urban | 559,656 (95.2%) | 957,366 (94.4%) | 1,517,022 (94.7%) | 1 | Reference | |
| Rural | 25,934 (4.4%) | 52,922 (5.2%) | 78,856 (4.9%) | <0.001 | 0.838 | 0.826–0.851 | |
| Peri-urban | 2,120 (0.4%) | 3,507 (0.3%) | 5,627 (0.4%) | 0.224 | 1.034 | 0.980–1.091 | |
| Living in a Flu outbreak region |
Yes | 129,409 (30.5%) | 38,983 (31.3%) | 168,392 (30.7%) | <0.001 | 0.961 | 0.948–0.974 |
| No | 295,062 (69.5%) | 85,420 (68.7%) | 380,482 (69.3%) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Received Flu vaccine | Yes | 85,822 (32.4%) | 91,903 (19.0%) | 177,725 (23.7%) | <0.001 | 2.048 | 2.026–2.070 |
| No | 179,115 (67.6%) | 392,790 (81.0%) | 571,905 (76.3%) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Used antiviral drug to treat the clinical signs |
Yes | 100,925 (21.2%) | 29,033 (3.7%) | 129,958 (10.3%) | <0.001 | 6.965 | 6.871–7.061 |
| No | 375,069 (78.8%) | 751,508 (96.3%) | 1,126,577 (89.7%) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Intensive care unit | Yes | 209,877 (37.5%) | 375,902 (37.5%) | 585,779 (37.5%) | 0.597 | 0.998 | 0.992–1.005 |
| No | 349,909 (62.5%) | 625,565 (62.5%) | 975,474 (62.5%) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Mechanical ventilatory support |
Invasive | 108,760 (19.7%) | 212,540 (21.4%) | 321,300 (20.8%) | <0.001 | 0.520 | 0.515–0.525 |
| Non-Invasive | 287,920 (52.1%) | 620,228 (62.6%) | 908,148 (58.8%) | <0.001 | 0.472 | 0.468–0.476 | |
| Not required | 155,636 (28.2%) | 158,109 (16.0%) | 313,745 (20.3%) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Closure criterion | Laboratorial criterion | 606,937 (93.1%) | 1,000,651 (89.7%) | 1,607,588 (90.9%) | 1 | Reference | |
| Clinical - Epidemiological | 5,626 (0.9%) | 13,471 (1.2%) | 19,097 (1.1%) | <0.001 | 0.689 | 0.667–0.710 | |
| Clinical | 14,350 (2.2%) | 29,154 (2.6%) | 43,504 (2.5%) | <0.001 | 0.812 | 0.795–0.828 | |
| Clinical - Image exams | 25,054 (3.8%) | 72,575 (6.5%) | 97,629 (5.5%) | <0.001 | 0.569 | 0.561–0.578 | |
| Outcome | Cure | 405,324 (65.5%) | 672,546 (64.8%) | 1,077,870 (65.1%) | 1 | Reference | |
| Death | 211,873 (34.2%) | 363,014 (35.0%) | 574,887 (34.7%) | <0.001 | 0.968 | 0.962–0.975 | |
| Death not related to SARI | 1,850 (0.3%) | 2,087 (0.2%) | 3,937 (0.2%) | <0.001 | 1.471 | 1.381–1.566 |
We presented the data as the number of individuals (N) and percentage (%).
We did the statistical analyses using the chi-square test. We adopted an alpha error of 0.05.
SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; OR, odds ratio; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; y.o., years old.
*
We further divided the patients into two periods. The first period was from December 29, 2019, to December 31, 2020.