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. 2022 Jul 17;57(3):2657–2672. doi: 10.1007/s11135-022-01479-6

Table 2.

Unit root test results

Variable Level First difference
Constant Trend Constant Trend
lnit −2.637* −2.971 −4.573*** −4.709***
lnπet −3.0923** −2.953 −3.228** −3.937**

Source: Author’s compilation

*,**,***Denote significance at 10, 5, and 1% levels