Fig. 2.

HucMSCs-EVs alleviate knee osteoarthritis in DMM-induced OA mice model. A. Safranin O and Fast Green staining of knee sections and micro-CT analysis of knee joint in mice with DMM-induced OA. Expression levels of COL2A1, Aggrecan, ADAMTS5, and MMP13 were determined by immunofluorescence staining. Scale bar = 400 μm for Safranin O and Fast Green staining; Scale bar = 1 mm for Micro-CT; Scale bar = 100 μm for immunofluorescence staining. B. OARIS scores of knee sections in each group (n = 10). C. Osteophyte score of each group (n = 10). D. Quantification of mean fluorescence intensity of COL2A1, Aggrecan, ADAMTS5, and MMP13 in each group (n = 10). E. Levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α in mice knee tissue as determined by ELISA (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. ns, no significance; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001