Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis to evaluate predictors for the primary composite endpoint
| Variables | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P‐value | HR (95% CI) | P‐value | |
| Age | 1.075 (1.026–1.128) | 0.003 | 1.079 (1.028–1.133) | 0.002 |
| Men | 0.800 (0.484–1.322) | 0.384 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.228 (0.744–2.027) | 0.422 | ||
| BNP (per 10 pg/mL increase) | 1.036 (1.020–1.053) | <0.001 | 1.028 (1.003–1.053) | 0.027 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 0.915 (0.503–1.666) | 0.771 | ||
| Previous myocardial infarction | 0.800 (0.344–1.861) | 0.604 | ||
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1.136 (0.577–2.240) | 0.712 | ||
| Chronic lung disease | 1.641 (0.981–2.746) | 0.059 | ||
| Previous stroke | 1.165 (0.417–3.251) | 0.771 | ||
| Malignant tumour | 1.336 (0.734–2.431) | 0.343 | ||
| NYHA functional class II | 1.752 (1.044–2.941) | 0.034 | 1.380 (0.779–2.444) | 0.270 |
| LVEF | 0.989 (0.935–1.045) | 0.683 | ||
| Left ventricular global longitudinal strain | 0.984 (0.900–1.075) | 0.716 | ||
| LVEDV index | 0.990 (0.977–1.001) | 0.165 | ||
| LVESV index | 0.987 (0.961–1.013) | 0.311 | ||
| SV index | 0.985 (0.951–1.021) | 0.409 | ||
| Left ventricular mass index | 1.005 (0.994–1.015) | 0.375 | ||
| Relative wall thickness (per 0.01 increase) | 1.001 (0.953–1.045) | 0.952 | ||
| Left atrial volume index | 1.016 (1.005–1.026) | 0.036 | 1.007 (0.994–1.020) | 0.317 |
| PASP | 1.026 (0.995–1.058) | 0.098 | 0.990 (0.952–1.030) | 0.628 |
| AVA index (per 0.01 cm2/m2 increase) | 0.945 (0.889–1.006) | 0.077 | 0.949 (0.890–1.013) | 0.117 |
| Peak AV velocity | 1.869 (0.818–4.272) | 0.138 | ||
| Peak AVPG | 1.022 (0.992–1.053) | 0.146 | ||
| Mean AVPG | 1.026 (0.981–1.074) | 0.264 | ||
| Velocity ratio (per 0.01 increase) | 0.962 (0.918–1.008) | 0.100 | ||
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 1.156 (0.545–2.451) | 0.706 | ||
| Vena contracta width | 0.851 (0.590–1.229) | 0.390 | ||
| AR jet width/LVOT width | 0.985 (0.938–1.034) | 0.540 | ||
| Moderate MR | 2.439 (0.871–6.832) | 0.090 | ||
| Moderate/severe TR | 2.844 (1.194–6.773) | 0.018 | 1.042 (0.313–3.465) | 0.947 |
| Beta‐blocker | 0.788 (0.399–1.558) | 0.494 | ||
| ACEi/ARB | 1.220 (0.740–2.012) | 0.435 | ||
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 1.511 (0.785–2.906) | 0.217 | ||
ACEi, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; AR, aortic regurgitation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AV, aortic valve; AVA, aortic valve area; AVPG, aortic valve pressure gradient; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LVEDV, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end‐systolic volume; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; SV, stroke volume; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.