Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics stratified by history of cancer and atrial fibrillation
| Total | W/o Hx cancer and w/o AF | W/o Hx cancer and w/ AF | W/ Hx cancer and w/o AF | W/ Hx cancer and w/ AF | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 4876 | n = 2496 | n = 1709 | n = 375 | n = 296 | ||
| Age, years | 69.0 ± 12.3 | 66.7 ± 13.3 | 70.2 ± 11.0 | 73.7 ± 9.5 | 75.3 ± 7.6 | <0.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 1556 (31.9%) | 775 (31.0%) | 596 (34.9%) | 108 (28.8%) | 77 (26.0%) | 0.003 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 126.2 ± 19.1 | 127.6 ± 19.1 | 124.4 ± 18.9 | 127.0 ± 20.1 | 123.1 ± 18.7 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 72.2 ± 11.9 | 72.6 ± 11.7 | 72.1 ± 12.1 | 70.8 ± 12.1 | 70.0 ± 12.4 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, b.p.m. | 72.4 ± 14.9 | 70.8 ± 13.4 | 74.5 ± 16.7 | 70.9 ± 12.1 | 74.6 ± 16.2 | <0.001 |
| Type of AF | <0.001 | |||||
| Paroxysmal | 651 (13.4%) | 0 | 556 (32.5%) | 0 | 95 (32.1%) | |
| Persistent | 1354 (27.8%) | 0 | 1153 (67.5%) | 0 | 201 (67.9%) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.8 ± 3.9 | 24.2 ± 3.9 | 23.5 ± 3.8 | 22.8 ± 3.8 | 22.9 ± 3.2 | <0.001 |
| NYHA, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| I | 1153 (23.8%) | 670 (27.0%) | 325 (19.1%) | 105 (28.2%) | 53 (17.9%) | |
| II | 3169 (65.3%) | 1568 (63.2%) | 1176 (69.0%) | 224 (60.1%) | 201 (67.9%) | |
| III | 494 (10.2%) | 226 (9.1%) | 189 (11.1%) | 38 (10.2%) | 41 (13.9%) | |
| IV | 38 (0.8%) | 16 (0.6%) | 15 (0.9%) | 6 (1.6%) | 1 (0.3%) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 4406 (90.4%) | 2271 (91.0%) | 1532 (89.6%) | 332 (88.5%) | 271 (91.6%) | 0.26 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 1970 (40.4%) | 1086 (43.5%) | 605 (35.4%) | 147 (39.2%) | 132 (44.6%) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 4014 (82.3%) | 2180 (87.3%) | 1308 (76.5%) | 310 (82.7%) | 216 (73.0%) | <0.001 |
| History of HF hospitalization, N (%) | 2586 (53.0%) | 1104 (44.2%) | 1122 (65.7%) | 161 (42.9%) | 199 (67.2%) | <0.001 |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 1001 (20.5%) | 423 (16.9%) | 431 (25.2%) | 78 (20.8%) | 69 (23.3%) | <0.001 |
| Ischaemic heart disease, n (%) | 2479 (50.8%) | 1578 (63.2%) | 541 (31.7%) | 258 (68.8%) | 102 (34.5%) | <0.001 |
| CHADS2 score | <0.001 | |||||
| 1 | 236 (4.8%) | 121 (4.8%) | 89 (5.2%) | 21 (5.6%) | 5 (1.7%) | |
| 2 | 1532 (31.4%) | 843 (33.8%) | 536 (31.4%) | 84 (22.4%) | 69 (23.3%) | |
| 3 | 1832 (37.6%) | 974 (39.0%) | 577 (33.8%) | 164 (43.7%) | 117 (39.5%) | |
| 4 | 658 (13.5%) | 287 (11.5%) | 261 (15.3%) | 51 (13.6%) | 59 (19.9%) | |
| 5 | 441 (9.0%) | 194 (7.8%) | 185 (10.8%) | 37 (9.9%) | 25 (8.4%) | |
| 6 | 177 (3.6%) | 77 (3.1%) | 61 (3.6%) | 18 (4.8%) | 21 (7.1%) | |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 1699 (34.8%) | 1157 (46.4%) | 314 (18.4%) | 175 (46.7%) | 53 (17.9%) | <0.001 |
| PCI, n (%) | 1568 (32.2%) | 1083 (43.4%) | 263 (15.4%) | 166 (44.3%) | 56 (18.9%) | <0.001 |
| CABG, n (%) | 440 (9.0%) | 286 (11.5%) | 94 (5.5%) | 49 (13.1%) | 11 (3.7%) | <0.001 |
| PMI, n (%) | 386 (7.9%) | 110 (4.4%) | 213 (12.5%) | 31 (8.3%) | 32 (10.8%) | <0.001 |
| Valve surgery, n (%) | 422 (8.7%) | 130 (5.2%) | 246 (14.4%) | 15 (4.0%) | 31 (10.5%) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 13.2 ± 2.0 | 13.3 ± 1.9 | 13.3 ± 2.1 | 12.3 ± 1.9 | 12.6 ± 2.0 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 60.7 ± 21.3 | 62.5 ± 22.1 | 59.6 ± 19.8 | 57.9 ± 22.1 | 55.4 ± 20.3 | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 56.6 ± 15.3 | 56.4 ± 15.7 | 56.6 ± 14.8 | 57.3 ± 15.8 | 58.1 ± 14.3 | 0.22 |
| Classification by LVEF | <0.001 | |||||
| HFrEF (LVEF < 40%) | 730 (21.9%) | 392 (26.6%) | 249 (18.1%) | 55 (22.7%) | 34 (14.1%) | |
| HFmEF (LVEF 40–49%) | 556 (16.7%) | 261 (17.7%) | 225 (16.3%) | 44 (18.2%) | 26 (10.8%) | |
| HFpEF (LVEF > 50%) | 2052 (61.5%) | 823 (55.8%) | 905 (65.6%) | 143 (59.1%) | 181 (75.1%) | |
| LVDd, mm | 52.1 ± 9.2 | 52.4 ± 9.4 | 51.8 ± 9.2 | 51.3 ± 9.0 | 52.1 ± 8.1 | 0.1 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 104.0 [41.3, 239.0] | 68.3 [27.0, 180.0] | 144.0 [73.8, 273.0] | 104.0 [37.8, 267.0] | 190.8 [91.6, 333.5] | <0.001 |
| PT‐INR a | 1.7[1.5, 2.1] | 1.7[1.3, 2.1] | 1.8 [1.5, 2.2] | 1.6 [1.3, 2.1] | 1.8 [1.4, 2.1] | <0.001 |
| Beta‐blocker, n (%) | 2402 (49.3%) | 1230 (49.3%) | 876 (51.3%) | 159 (42.4%) | 137 (46.3%) | 0.013 |
| RASI, n (%) | 3591 (73.6%) | 1865 (74.7%) | 1237 (72.4%) | 270 (72.0%) | 219 (74.0%) | 0.33 |
| Ca blocker, n (%) | 1889 (38.7%) | 1045 (41.9%) | 573 (33.5%) | 158 (42.1%) | 113 (38.2%) | <0.001 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 2787 (57.2%) | 1197 (48.0%) | 1191 (69.7%) | 191 (50.9%) | 208 (70.3%) | <0.001 |
| Statin, n (%) | 1866 (38.3%) | 1203 (48.2%) | 438 (25.6%) | 157 (41.9%) | 68 (23.0%) | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulants, n (%) | 1894 (38.8%) | 491 (19.7%) | 1151 (67.3%) | 64 (17.1%) | 188 (63.5%) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelets, n (%) | 2969 (60.9%) | 1663 (66.6%) | 909 (53.2%) | 252 (67.2%) | 145 (49.0%) | <0.001 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HFmEF, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVDd, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, Percutaneous coronary intervention; PMI, pacemaker implantation; PT‐INR, prothrombin time and international normalized ratio; RASI, renin‐angiotensin system inhibitor.
a
PT‐INR was obtained in 491, 1151, 64, and 188 cases with warfarin in w/o Hx cancer and w/o AF, w/o Hx cancer and w/ AF, w/ Hx cancer and w/o AF, and w/ Hx cancer and w/ AF, respectively.