Table 2.
Characteristic of patients with or without nutritional risk as assessed by geriatric nutritional risk index score
| GNRI ≥ 98 (n = 130) (nutritional risk [−]) | GNRI < 98 (n = 20) (nutritional risk [+]) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.5 [59.3, 74.0] | 77.5 [67.5, 83.2] | 0.001 |
| Male (%) | 93 (71.5) | 11 (55.0) | 0.191 |
| SBP (mmHg) (n = 102) | 112.0 [96.0, 129.0] | 125.0 [114.5, 133.5] | 0.124 |
| NYHA (I/II/III), n (%) | 42 (32.3)/78 (60.0)/10 (7.7) | 3 (15.0)/14 (70.0)/3 (15.0) | 0.185 |
| MLHFQ | 15.5 [5.0, 26.8] | 13.0 [5.0, 24.0] | 0.664 |
| PHQ‐9 | 2.0 [0.0, 4.0] | 3.5 [0.8, 6.8] | 0.205 |
| LVEF (%) (n = 147) | 45.0 [30.0, 56.5] | 46.5 [37.8, 61.4] | 0.501 |
| Aetiology of HF | |||
| Ischaemic, n (%) | 41 (31.5) | 7 (35.0) | 0.799 |
| Valve, n (%) | 30 (23.1) | 8 (40.0) | 0.164 |
| DCM, n (%) | 41 (31.5) | 5 (25.0) | 0.615 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 71 (54.6) | 12 (60.0) | 0.810 |
| DM, n (%) | 33 (25.4) | 6 (30.0) | 0.784 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 76 (58.5) | 7 (35.0) | 0.057 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 32 (24.6) | 6 (30.0) | 0.590 |
| Medications | |||
| ACE‐I/ARB, n (%) | 98 (75.4) | 16 (80.0) | 0.784 |
| Beta‐blockers, n (%) | 112 (86.2) | 17 (85.0) | 1.000 |
| MRA, n (%) | 71 (54.6) | 14 (70.0) | 0.232 |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 98(75.4) | 19 (95.0) | 0.077 |
| Statins, n (%) | 64 (49.2) | 8 (40.0) | 0.480 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Sodium (mEq) | 140.0 [139.0, 142.0] | 140.0 [139.0, 141.3] | 0.696 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.5 [12.2, 14.4] | 11.8 [11.1, 12.3] | <0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) (n = 149) | 19.9 [16.0, 26.0] | 22.0 [18.3, 32.0] | 0.105 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) (n = 149) | 54.2 [39.1, 68.5] | 51.6 [34.5, 62.1] | 0.245 |
| BNP (pg/mL) (n = 148) | 146.8 [59.5, 342.8] | 245.1 [121.1, 602.6] | 0.028 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 174.5 [151.0, 195.0] | 159.0 [134.8, 186.3] | 0.075 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.2 [4.0, 4.4] | 3.7 [3.2, 3.9] | <0.001 |
| Pre‐albumin (mg/dL) | 26.9 [23.4, 31.2] | 19.9 [16.3, 25.5] | 0.002 |
| Lymphocyte count (μL) | 1561.5 [1230.0, 1939.5] | 1297.0 [1113.8, 1624.8] | 0.098 |
| Nutritional indicators | |||
| BMI | 23.7 [21.7, 26.5] | 18.1 [16.4, 20.3] | <0.001 |
| MNA‐SF | 12.0 [10.0, 13.0] | 10.0 [9.0, 11.0] | 0.001 |
| GNRI | 108.5 [105.2, 111.1] | 94.7 [91.8, 97.2] | <0.001 |
| CONUT | 2.0 [1.0, 2.0] | 3.0 [1.8, 4.3] | 0.002 |
| Reduced dietary intake, n (%) | 8 (6.2) | 2 (10.0) | 0.625 |
| Body weight loss, n (%) | 28 (21.5) | 5 (25.0) | 0.773 |
| %AMC (%) | 103.0 [95.0, 112.0] | 93.0 [86.0, 99.0] | 0.004 |
| %TSF (%) | 105.0 [84.0, 140.0] | 78.0 [59.0, 117.0] | 0.021 |
| CC (cm) (n = 149) | 34.2 [31.9, 36.7] | 31.1 [27.6, 33.0] | <0.001 |
| Physical function | |||
| 6‐MWD (m) (n = 128) | 435.0 [361.3, 502.0] | 376.5 [260.5, 432.0] | 0.010 |
Abbreviations as Table 1 .