Table 3.
Characteristic of patients with or without nutritional risk as assessed by controlling nutritional status score
| CONUT < 2 (n = 69) (nutritional risk [−]) | CONUT ≥ 2 (n = 81) (nutritional risk [+]) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.0 [55.0, 73.0] | 69.0 [63.0, 78.0] | 0.002 |
| Male (%) | 50 (72.5) | 54 (66.7) | 0.481 |
| SBP (mmHg) (n = 102) | 112.0 [100.8, 130.0] | 113.0 [96.0, 129.0] | 0.718 |
| NYHA (I/II/III), n (%) | 22 (31.9)/40 (58.0)/7 (10.1) | 23 (28.4)/52 (64.2)/6 (7.4) | 0.717 |
| MLHFQ | 11.0 [4.0, 23.0] | 19.0 [6.0, 27.0] | 0.142 |
| PHQ‐9 | 1.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 2.0 [1.0, 5.0] | 0.075 |
| LVEF (%) (n = 147) | 47.5 [34.5, 57.1] | 45.0 [27.5, 56.5] | 0.446 |
| Aetiology of HF | |||
| Ischaemic, n (%) | 12 (17.4) | 36 (44.4) | <0.001 |
| Valve, n (%) | 14 (20.3) | 24 (29.6) | 0.258 |
| DCM, n (%) | 30 (43.5) | 16 (19.8) | 0.002 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 31 (44.9) | 52 (64.2) | 0.021 |
| DM, n (%) | 17 (24.6) | 22 (27.2) | 0.852 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 31 (44.9) | 52 (64.2) | 0.021 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 12 (17.4) | 26 (32.1) | 0.059 |
| Medications | |||
| ACE‐I/ARB, n (%) | 56 (81.2) | 58 (71.6) | 0.185 |
| Beta‐blockers, n (%) | 60 (87.0) | 69 (85.2) | 0.817 |
| MRA, n (%) | 37 (53.6) | 48 (59.3) | 0.512 |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 50 (72.5) | 67 (82.7) | 0.167 |
| Statins, n (%) | 25 (36.2) | 47 (58.0) | 0.009 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Sodium (mEq) | 140.0 [139.0, 142.0] | 140.0 [139.0, 142.0] | 0.386 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.8 [12.2, 14.7] | 12.5 [11.5, 13.9] | 0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) (n = 149) | 19.0 [15.0, 25.2] | 20.2 [17.0, 27.9] | 0.069 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) (n = 149) | 60.1 [42.5, 72.4] | 48.9 [37.1, 63.8] | 0.016 |
| BNP (pg/mL) (n = 148) | 107.3 [42.9, 204.7] | 208.2 [91.9, 418.0] | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 188.0 [171.0, 203.0] | 155.0 [131.0, 176.0] | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.2 [4.1, 4.4] | 4.1 [3.9, 4.3] | 0.002 |
| Pre‐albumin (mg/dL) | 28.4 [24.6, 32.4] | 25.4 [21.1, 29.7] | 0.005 |
| Lymphocyte count (μL) | 1898.0 [1603.0, 2180.0] | 1240.0 [969.0, 1456.0] | <0.001 |
| Nutritional indicators | |||
| BMI | 23.2 [20.7, 26.6] | 22.7 [20.6, 25.5] | 0.332 |
| MNA‐SF | 11.0 [10.0, 13.0] | 12.0 [10.0, 13.0] | 0.294 |
| GNRI | 109.6 [105.2, 111.1] | 105.6 [102.4, 109.6] | 0.007 |
| CONUT | 1.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 2.0 [2.0, 3.0] | <0.001 |
| Reduced dietary intake, n (%) | 8 (11.6) | 2 (2.5) | 0.044 |
| Body weight loss, n (%) | 18 (25.7) | 15 (18.5) | 0.324 |
| %AMC (%) | 102.0 [96.0, 112.0] | 100.0 [92.0, 110.0] | 0.123 |
| %TSF (%) | 100.0 [78.0, 132.0] | 111.0 [78.0, 150.0] | 0.577 |
| CC (cm) (n = 149) | 34.5 [32.0, 36.7] | 32.9 [31.3, 35.6] | 0.076 |
| Physical function | |||
| 6‐MWD (m) (n = 128) | 443.5 [365.0, 505.1] | 427.0 [346.5, 467.5] | 0.164 |
Abbreviations as Table 1 .