Table 3.

Adverse neonatal outcomes associated with second mode of birth in women who had a CS first birth

Outcome		Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value adjusted OR
Neonatal infection within 28 days	Vaginal spontaneous	Reference	Reference
N=93 430	Vacuum/Forceps	1.70 (1.36 to 2.12)	2.00 (1.58 to 2.53)	<0.001
	Planned CS	0.52 (0.42 to 0.64)	0.68 (0.53 to 0.86)	0.002
	Emergency CS	2.85 (2.46 to 3.30)	2.03 (1.71 to 2.40)	<0.001
Asphyxia and/or respiratory distress	Vaginal spontaneous	Reference	Reference
N=89 848	Vacuum/Forceps	2.27 (2.01 to 2.56)	2.74 (2.39 to 3.13)	<0.001
	Planned CS	1.86 (1.70 to 2.04)	2.16 (1.93 to 2.41)	<0.001
	Emergency CS	4.65 (4.28 to 5.06)	3.24 (2.94 to 3.57)	<0.001
Neonatal care/hospital care within 28 days	Vaginal spontaneous	Reference	Reference
N=82 429	Vacuum/Forceps	1.52 (1.41 to 1.63)	1.70 (1.57 to 1.84)	<0.001
	Planned CS	1.22 (1.16 to 1.29)	1.02 (0.95 to 1.08)	0.603
	Emergency CS	2.67 (2.54 to 2.80)	1.79 (1.69 to 1.90)	<0.001
Neonatal death within 28 days	Vaginal spontaneous	Reference	Reference
N=94 261	Vacuum/Forceps	1.79 (0.96 to 3.34)	3.15 (1.55 to 6.39)	0.001
	Planned CS	0.99 (0.60 to 1.62)	1.73 (0.94 to 3.19)	0.077
	Emergency CS	5.35 (3.63 to 7.89)	2.88 (1.82 to 4.57)	<0.001

OR was obtained by logistic models. Both unadjusted and adjusted results are presented. P value of adjusted model is presented

Adjusted OR: adjustments were made for mother’s age, smoking, diabetes, BMI, mental illness and prematurity (up to week 36+6) in all adjusted models.

BMI, body mass index; CS, caesarean section.