Table 4.
Univariate analysis of grade C PPAP.
| PPAP |
p-valuea | p-valueb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (n = 136) | Grade B (n = 140) | Grade C (n = 10) | |||
| Sex ratio (M: F) | 95:41 | 74:66 | 7:3 | 0.004 | 0.992 |
| Age (year) | 62 (55–69) | 62 (56–69) | 64 (55–70) | 1.000 | 0.612 |
| BMI ≥ 25, n (%) | 81 (59.6) | 67 (47.9) | 7 (70.0) | 0.051 | 0.515 |
| Tobacco use, n (%) | 44 (32.4) | 34 (24.3) | 6 (60.0) | 0.137 | 0.075 |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 14 (10.3) | 10 (7.1) | 3 (30.0) | 0.353 | 0.061 |
| AP History, n (%) | 10 (7.4) | 13 (9.3) | 0 (0) | 0.561 | 0.374 |
| DM, n (%) | 20 (14.7) | 15 (10.7) | 3 (30.0) | 0.319 | 0.200 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 35 (25.7) | 34 (24.3) | 6 (60.0) | 0.781 | 0.020 |
| Cholelithiasis, n (%) | 32 (23.5) | 38 (27.1) | 1 (10.0) | 0.490 | 0.324 |
| Preoperative jaundice state, n (%) | 88 (64.7) | 73 (52.1) | 8 (80.0) | 0.034 | 0.325 |
| Previous abdominal surgery, n (%) | 30 (22.1) | 30 (21.4) | 2 (20.0) | 0.899 | 0.879 |
| ASA, n (%) | 0.306 | 0.198 | |||
| 1 | 1 (0.7) | 4 (2.9) | 0 (0) | ||
| 2 | 102 (75.0) | 97 (69.3) | 5 (50.0) | ||
| ≥3 | 33 (24.3) | 39 (27.9) | 5 (50.0) | ||
| Vascular resection, n (%) | 5 (11.0) | 17 (12.1) | 1 (10.0) | 0.773 | 0.920 |
| Pancreatic duct diameter <5 mm, n (%) | 74 (54.4) | 96 (68.6) | 9 (90.0) | 0.016 | 0.028 |
| Pancreatic texture, n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Soft | 46 (33.8) | 86 (61.4) | 10 (100.0) | ||
| Hard | 90 (66.2) | 54 (38.6) | 0 (0) | ||
| Pancreatic stent, n (%) | 0.508 | 0.262 | |||
| Unused | 14 (10.3) | 9 (6.4) | 0 (0) | ||
| Internal | 89 (65.4) | 96 (68.6) | 9 (90.0) | ||
| External | 33 (24.3) | 35 (25.0) | 1 (10.0) | ||
| Bleeding ≥ 400 ml, n (%) | 80 (58.8) | 73 (52.1) | 4 (40.0) | 0.264 | 0.245 |
| liquid intake/output volume ≤ 2000 ml, n (%) | 34 (25.0) | 34 (24.3) | 5 (50.0) | 0.890 | 0.085 |
| Operation duration > 360 min, n (%) | 64 (47.1) | 65 (46.4) | 9 (90.0) | 0.916 | 0.009 |
| Fistula risk scores, n (%) | 0.044 | 0.066 | |||
| Negligible | 17 (12.5) | 13 (9.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| Low | 50 (36.8) | 33 (23.6) | 1 (10.0) | ||
| Moderate | 63 (46.3) | 88 (62.9) | 9 (90.0) | ||
| High | 6 (4.4) | 6 (4.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| Pathology type, n (%) | 0.395 | 0.153 | |||
| PDAC and CP | 50 (36.8) | 44 (31.4) | 1 (30.0) | ||
| Other malignant | 75 (55.1) | 81 (57.9%) | 2(58.7) | ||
| Benign and low malignant | 11 (8.1) | 15 (10.7) | 7 (11.3) | ||
| Pancreatic anastomosis, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.013 | |||
| Modified Blumgart | 85 (62.5) | 60 (42.9) | 3 (30.0) | ||
| Conventional duct to mucosa | 36 (26.5) | 68 (48.6) | 7 (70.0) | ||
| Invagination | 15 (11.0) | 12 (8.6) | 0 (0) | ||
| CRP ≥ 180 mg/L, n (%) | 30 (22.1) | 70 (50.0) | 7 (70.0) | <0.001 | 0.001 |
a
Grade B PPAP group compared to the non-PPAP group.
b
Grade C PPAP group compared to the non-PPAP group; PPAP, postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis; AP, acute pancreatitis; DM, diabetes mellitus; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; PDAC, pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma; CP, chronic pancreatitis.