Table 7.
Postoperative complications grouped by PPAP and PF occurrence.
| PPAP and PF occurrence |
p-value |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n = 119) | Only PPAP (n = 100) | Only PF (n = 17) | Both (n = 50) | P 1 | P 2 | |
| Clavien-Dindo ≥ IIIb, n (%) | 2 (1.7) | 3 (3.0) | 1 (5.9) | 10 (20.0) | 0.844 | 0.001 |
| PPH, n (%) | 11 (9.2) | 13 (13.0) | 5 (29.4) | 18 (36.0) | 0.452 | 0.001 |
| A | 7 (63.6) | 7 (53.8) | 2 (40.0) | 4 (22.2) | ||
| B | 1 (9.1) | 4 (30.8) | 1 (20.0) | 4 (22.2) | ||
| C | 3 (27.3) | 2 (15.4) | 2 (40.0) | 10 (55.6) | ||
| DGE, n (%) | 47 (39.5) | 36 (36.0) | 13 (76.5) | 35 (70.0) | 0.359 | <0.001 |
| A | 31 (66.0) | 17 (47.2) | 3 (23.1) | 11 (31.4) | ||
| B | 14 (29.8) | 17 (47.2) | 6 (46.2) | 15 (42.9) | ||
| C | 2 (4.2) | 2 (5.6) | 4 (30.7) | 9 (25.7) | ||
| BL, n (%) | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 2 (11.8) | 1 (2.0) | 1 | 0.333 |
| Intra-abdominal infection, n (%) | 36 (30.3) | 33 (33.0) | 16 (94.1) | 45 (90.0) | 0.663 | <0.001 |
| AKI, n (%) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (2.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Bowel obstruction, n (%) | 4 (3.4) | 3 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Wound infection, n (%) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.0) | 1 | 0.110 |
| Abdominal fluid collection, n (%) | 19 (16.0) | 38 (38.0) | 9 (52.9) | 33 (66.0) | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| Puncture and drainage treatment, n (%) | 4 (3.4) | 7 (7.0) | 5 (29.4) | 21 (42.0) | 0.219 | <0.001 |
| Secondary operation, n (%) | 3 (2.5) | 3 (3.0) | 1 (5.9) | 9 (18.0) | 1 | 0.004 |
| Mortality, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 5 (10.0) | 0.457 | 0.027 |
| ICU stay (day) | 1.0 (0–2.0) | 1.0 (0–2.0) | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | 2.0 (0–3.0) | 0.874 | 0.007 |
| Total hospital stay (day) | 22.0(18.0–27.0) | 22.5(19.0–28.0) | 42.0(23.5–54.0) | 29.0(23.8–37.0) | 0.401 | <0.001 |
| Postoperative hospital stays (day) | 15.0(12.0–18.0) | 16.0(14.0–18.8) | 27.0(16.5–39.0) | 20.5(15.8–30.5) | 0.054 | <0.001 |
| Cost ($) | 13,685(11,250–16,491) | 14,678(12,145–170,723) | 23,299(15,373–31,391) | 17,758(15,497–23,908) | 0.055 | <0.001 |
p1, only PPAP group compared to the none of PPAP and PF occurred group; p2: both PPAP and PF occurred group compared with the only PPAP group; PPAP, postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis; PF, clinical relevant pancreatic fistula; PPH, postpancreatectomy hemorrhage; DGE, delayed gastric empty; BL, bile leakage; AKI, acute kidney injury; ICU, intensive care unit.