Table 5.

Comparison of indications and technical characteristics of three surgical methods.

Age	CLS ≥1 months	TU-LESS ≥3 months	RS ≥1 months
Difficulty of laparoscopic operation	Triangle operation platform is available, which conforms to surgeon	The devices are easy to interfere with each other and need a certain learning curve	Flexible mechanical arm make it more precise and stable
For patients with giant fecal stone or large bowel	Difficult to handle, may require open surgery	Easy to handle, open surgery is not necessary	Difficult to handle, may require open surgery
Surgical field	Clear and stable	More susceptible to interference	Clear 3D visual field
Aesthetic effect (cicatrix)	Visible	Hidden in the umbilicus	Obvious