Table 1.

Relative cytokines of immune cells in the central and peripheral sensitization.

Cell type	Related cytokines or mediators
Neutrophils	MCP-1/CCL2 (11), PGE2 (12), IL-18 (13, 14), NETs (15), LE (16), opioid peptides (17)
Macrophages	MyD88 (26), IL-1β (25, 26, 29–31), IL-4 (26, 29, 109), IL-10(25, 26, 28–31, 109, 110), opioid peptides (29)
Mast cells	TNF-α (40, 42), Histamine (35), Leukotriene (39), Serotonin, Bradykinin (38)
B lymphocytes	ACPA (46), CRPSI IgM (47, 48), CRPSI IgG (49, 104), CASPR2-Ab (51, 52), GM-CSF (100), IL-6 (101), IL-10 (102)
T lymphocytes	IFN-γ (10, 94, 95), Ach (57), IL-10 (58, 59, 96), enkephalins (59), opioid peptides (59, 96)
Astrocytes	IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 (111), CXCL13 (81)
microglia	TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β (111), COX, PGE2 (112), BDNF (72)