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. 2022 Jul 18;72(9):1952–1964. doi: 10.1007/s12031-022-02053-3

Table 1.

The list of Psychobiotics and their positive psycho effects

Potential Psychobiotics Dosage of Psychobiotics Observation psycho effect Study model Ref
B. longum 1714 1 × 109 CFU/day by the stick with probiotic strains mixed into milk and drunk each morning for 4 weeks Decreased stress and enhanced memory Clinical/N = 22 healthy male volunteers (Allen et al. 2016)
L. rhamnosus (JB-1) 1 × 109 CFU/day as capsule for 4 weeks Decreased stress-related behaviors, corticosterone release, and altered expression of central GABA* receptors Clinical N = 29 healthy male volunteers (Kelly et al. 2017)
L. reuteri ATG-F4 1 × 107 CFU/day as drinking water for 4 weeks Anti-inflammatory effects interleukin (IL)-10 and serum dopamine level significantly increased Animal model N = 10 male mice (Beck et al. 2019)
Pedicoccus pentosaceus WS11, L. plantarum SK321, L. fermentum SK324, L. brevis TRBC 3003, B. adolescentis TBRC 7154, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis TBRC 375 6 × 109 CFU/day as cell pellets were administered daily via oral gavage for 14 days Reduced anxiety level, increased locomotor function, improved short-term memory Animal model N = 7 male Wistar rats (Luang-In et al. 2020)
L.gasseri CP2305 1 × 1010 CFU/day mixed with acid milk beverages for 5 weeks Improved the sleep quality, effect on the growth of fecal Bacteroides spp. involved in the intestinal inflammation Clinical N = 21 male and N = 11 female healthy students (Nishida et al. 2017)
L. plantarum PS128 1 × 1010 CFU/day as pellet for 2 weeks by oral administration Reduced tic-like behaviors Animal model N = 10 male Wistar rat (Liao et al. 2019)
L. plantarum PS128 3 × 1010 CFU/day as capsule for 4 weeks Improve opposition/defiance behaviors in ASD children Clinical N = 80 children (7–15 age) with ASD (Liu et al. 2019)
L. plantarum PS128 1 × 1010 CFU/day as pellet by oral gavage for 4 weeks Reduced motor deficits, elevated corticosterone, and prevention of Parkinson’s disease Animal model N = 18 male mice (Liao et al. 2020)
Multi-strain probiotic (Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2, L. rhamnosus UBLR58, B. lactis UBBLa70, L. plantarum UBLP40, B. breve UBBr01, B. infantis UBBI01) 1 × 109 CFU/capsule 2 times a day for 28 days Reduction in depression anxiety stress scale and state-trait anxiety inventory Clinical N = 80 student (63 female and 17 male) (Venkataraman et al. 2021)
L. plantarum 90sk and B. adolescentis 150 0.5 mL/day of the mixture includes 1 × 107 CFU of B. adolescentis and 1 × 108 CFU of L. plantarum by oral gavage for 14 days Reduced depressive-like behavior Animal model N = 48 male mice with anxiety-like behavior and measures of despair (Yunes et al. 2020)
L. rhamnosus JB-1 1 × 109 CFU/day by oral treatment for 14 days Antidepressant effects Animal model N = 46 male mice with anxiety-like behavior and measures of despair (McVey Neufeld et al. 2018)
L. casei W56, L. acidophilus W22, L. paracasei W20, B. lactis W51, L. salivarius W24, L. lactis W19, B. lactis W52, L. plantarum W62, and B. bifidum W23 3000 mg daily oral treatment for 6 months Normalized the gut-microbiome composition, reduced inflammation and gastrointestinal discomfort, and increased body weight Clinical N = 60 patients with anorexia nervosa (13–19 years) (Gröbner et al. 2022)

*GABA: γ-aminobutyric acid, L: Lactobacillus, B: Bifidobacterium