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. 2022 Jul 4;13:840751. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840751

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Copyright © 2022 Huijser, van Helden-Meeuwsen, Grashof, Tarn, Brkic, Huisman, Wahadat, van de Werken, Lopes, van Roon, van Daele, Kamphuis, Ng, Bekkering, Joosten, Dik and Versnel

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Graphical representation of hypothesized functions of type I IFNs within the framework of trained immunity. (1) as a trainer inducing a trained immunity phenotype in innate immune cells, (2) as a result of trained immunity manifested by elevated type I IFN secretion upon re-stimulation, or (3) as a re-stimulus inducing the upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs).